Ch 4: theoretical perspectives for nursing PN

the perspective of a profession

domain

domain of nursing provides both ________ and __________ aspects of the discipline

practical and theoretical

What provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline?

domain

aspects of a discipline that are shared by its scientific community

paradigm

links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline

nursing paradigm

the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems

nursing

a method of applying theory and/or knowledge

nursing process

contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon

theory

the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or response in relation to an event, process, or situation

phenomenon

any aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experiences

phenomenon

concepts + definitions + assumptions/propositions =

phenomenon

what are the components of a theory

-concepts
-definitions
-assumptions/propositions

describes, explains, predicts,and/or prescribes nursing care

nursing theory

what theory is the broadest theory?

grand theory

broad scope, complex, require specification through research

grand theory

provides structural framework for broad and abstract ideas related to nursing

grand theory

more limited in scope and less abstract theory

middle-range theory

addresses specific phenomenon, reflects practice of administration, clinical interventions or teaching

middle-range theory

what are the 2 abstraction theories

-grand theory
-middle-range theory

what are the 2 types of goal orientation theories

-descriptive theory
-prescriptive theory

describes phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena

descriptive theory

what theory does not direct nursing activities

descriptive theory

addresses nursing interventions for a phenomenon, and predicts the consequence of a specific nursing intervention

prescriptive theory

if we do A we must do B

prescriptive theory

what was nightingale's theory

descriptive theory

who had environment as the focus of nursing care and focused on health maintenance and restoration?

nightingale

what was peplau's theory

theory of interpersonal relations

who believed that nursing is based on an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient, collaborating to meet patients needs?

peplau

what was orem's theory

self care deficit theory

who focused on patient's self-care needs?

orem

what was orem's goal?

for patients to manage his or her health problems

what did henderson believe about nursing care?

collaboration between nursing and patient to meet patient-centered goals that the patient cannot meet unassisted related to illness

what was leiniger's theory?

transcultural care

what was leiniger's goal?

to deliver culturally congruent care inline with pt. values and beliefs

what did Neuman believe about nursing care?

based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor

what did neuman believe the role of nursing was?

to stabilize the patient or situation through purposeful intervention

what ways Roy's theory?

theory of adaptation
viewed pt. as an adaptive system

what did Watson believe about nursing care?

defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life
*purpose to understand the interrelationship among health, illness and human behavior

what did Benner and Wruble believe about caring

caring is central to care provisions
* "all about caring

What are the 2 interdisciplinary theories?

-basic human needs theory
-systems theory

systems theory?

environmental interactions, interrelated parts combine to make the whole

basic human needs theory?

based on the 5 levels and needs prioritization (maslow's heiarchy)

theories that foucus on human growth and development

developmental theories

theories that focus on psychologic, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual needs

psychosocial theories

The components of the nursing meta-paradigm include....
a. person, health, environment, and theory
b. health, theory, concepts, and environment
c. nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
d. person, health, environment, and nursing

person, health, environment, and nursing (d)

Theory is essential to nursing practice because it.... (all tht apply)
a. contributes to nursing knowledge
b. predicts patient behaviors in situations
c. provides a means of assessing patient vital signs
d. guides nursing practice
e. formulates health car

contributes to nursing knowledge, predicts patient behaviors in situations, guides nursing practice, explains relationships between concepts
A,B,D,F

A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free form clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist work is the nurse practicing in this example?
a. henderson
b. orem
c. king
d. nightingale

nightingale (d)

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activitie

orem (b) *self-care deficit theory

theory that addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice

middle-range theory

theory that applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice

shared theory

theory that is very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context

grand theory

theory that is specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the beside

practice theory

who's theory is based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care

King

who's theory is based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently

Henderson

who's theory is based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes

Orem

who's theory is based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease

neuman

Benner skills acquisition

the nurse progresses thorough five stages of expertise

AACN's Synergy Model

matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes

Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness

the nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness

Kolcaba's theory of comfort

the nurse strives to relieve patients distress

Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct (all that apply)
a. nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
b. nursing theories are standardized and on to change over time
c. integrating theory i

-nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
-integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery
-nursing knowledge is generated by theory
-evidence- based practice results from theory-testing research
A,C,D,F

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. the nurse best assist the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
a. roy
b. levine
c. watson
d. johnson

roy *theory of adaptation

Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
a. self-actualization
b. air, water, and nutrition
c. safety
d. esteem and self-esteem needs

air, water, and nutrition (B)

which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
a. biomedical
b. leadership
c. psychosocial
d. developmental

psychosocial (C)

Nurses have developed theories in response to... (all tht apply)
a. changes in health care
b. prior nursing theories
c. changes in nursing practice
d. research findings
e. gov regulations
f. theories from other disciplines
g. physician opinions

-changes in health care
-prior nursing theories
-changes in nursing practice
-research findings
-theories form other disciplines
A,B,C,D,F

Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current EBP?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory

middle-range theory (b)

a nurse is preparing to being intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory

practice theory (c)

the perspective of a profession

domain

domain of nursing provides both ________ and __________ aspects of the discipline

practical and theoretical

What provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline?

domain

aspects of a discipline that are shared by its scientific community

paradigm

links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline

nursing paradigm

the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems

nursing

a method of applying theory and/or knowledge

nursing process

contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon

theory

the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or response in relation to an event, process, or situation

phenomenon

any aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experiences

phenomenon

concepts + definitions + assumptions/propositions =

phenomenon

what are the components of a theory

-concepts
-definitions
-assumptions/propositions

describes, explains, predicts,and/or prescribes nursing care

nursing theory

what theory is the broadest theory?

grand theory

broad scope, complex, require specification through research

grand theory

provides structural framework for broad and abstract ideas related to nursing

grand theory

more limited in scope and less abstract theory

middle-range theory

addresses specific phenomenon, reflects practice of administration, clinical interventions or teaching

middle-range theory

what are the 2 abstraction theories

-grand theory
-middle-range theory

what are the 2 types of goal orientation theories

-descriptive theory
-prescriptive theory

describes phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena

descriptive theory

what theory does not direct nursing activities

descriptive theory

addresses nursing interventions for a phenomenon, and predicts the consequence of a specific nursing intervention

prescriptive theory

if we do A we must do B

prescriptive theory

what was nightingale's theory

descriptive theory

who had environment as the focus of nursing care and focused on health maintenance and restoration?

nightingale

what was peplau's theory

theory of interpersonal relations

who believed that nursing is based on an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient, collaborating to meet patients needs?

peplau

what was orem's theory

self care deficit theory

who focused on patient's self-care needs?

orem

what was orem's goal?

for patients to manage his or her health problems

what did henderson believe about nursing care?

collaboration between nursing and patient to meet patient-centered goals that the patient cannot meet unassisted related to illness

what was leiniger's theory?

transcultural care

what was leiniger's goal?

to deliver culturally congruent care inline with pt. values and beliefs

what did Neuman believe about nursing care?

based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor

what did neuman believe the role of nursing was?

to stabilize the patient or situation through purposeful intervention

what ways Roy's theory?

theory of adaptation
viewed pt. as an adaptive system

what did Watson believe about nursing care?

defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life
*purpose to understand the interrelationship among health, illness and human behavior

what did Benner and Wruble believe about caring

caring is central to care provisions
* "all about caring

What are the 2 interdisciplinary theories?

-basic human needs theory
-systems theory

systems theory?

environmental interactions, interrelated parts combine to make the whole

basic human needs theory?

based on the 5 levels and needs prioritization (maslow's heiarchy)

theories that foucus on human growth and development

developmental theories

theories that focus on psychologic, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual needs

psychosocial theories

The components of the nursing meta-paradigm include....
a. person, health, environment, and theory
b. health, theory, concepts, and environment
c. nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
d. person, health, environment, and nursing

person, health, environment, and nursing (d)

Theory is essential to nursing practice because it.... (all tht apply)
a. contributes to nursing knowledge
b. predicts patient behaviors in situations
c. provides a means of assessing patient vital signs
d. guides nursing practice
e. formulates health car

contributes to nursing knowledge, predicts patient behaviors in situations, guides nursing practice, explains relationships between concepts
A,B,D,F

A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free form clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist work is the nurse practicing in this example?
a. henderson
b. orem
c. king
d. nightingale

nightingale (d)

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activitie

orem (b) *self-care deficit theory

theory that addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice

middle-range theory

theory that applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice

shared theory

theory that is very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context

grand theory

theory that is specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the beside

practice theory

who's theory is based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care

King

who's theory is based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently

Henderson

who's theory is based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes

Orem

who's theory is based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease

neuman

Benner skills acquisition

the nurse progresses thorough five stages of expertise

AACN's Synergy Model

matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes

Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness

the nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness

Kolcaba's theory of comfort

the nurse strives to relieve patients distress

Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct (all that apply)
a. nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
b. nursing theories are standardized and on to change over time
c. integrating theory i

-nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
-integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery
-nursing knowledge is generated by theory
-evidence- based practice results from theory-testing research
A,C,D,F

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. the nurse best assist the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
a. roy
b. levine
c. watson
d. johnson

roy *theory of adaptation

Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
a. self-actualization
b. air, water, and nutrition
c. safety
d. esteem and self-esteem needs

air, water, and nutrition (B)

which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
a. biomedical
b. leadership
c. psychosocial
d. developmental

psychosocial (C)

Nurses have developed theories in response to... (all tht apply)
a. changes in health care
b. prior nursing theories
c. changes in nursing practice
d. research findings
e. gov regulations
f. theories from other disciplines
g. physician opinions

-changes in health care
-prior nursing theories
-changes in nursing practice
-research findings
-theories form other disciplines
A,B,C,D,F

Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current EBP?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory

middle-range theory (b)

a nurse is preparing to being intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory

practice theory (c)