the perspective of a profession
domain
domain of nursing provides both ________ and __________ aspects of the discipline
practical and theoretical
What provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline?
domain
aspects of a discipline that are shared by its scientific community
paradigm
links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline
nursing paradigm
the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems
nursing
a method of applying theory and/or knowledge
nursing process
contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon
theory
the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or response in relation to an event, process, or situation
phenomenon
any aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experiences
phenomenon
concepts + definitions + assumptions/propositions =
phenomenon
what are the components of a theory
-concepts
-definitions
-assumptions/propositions
describes, explains, predicts,and/or prescribes nursing care
nursing theory
what theory is the broadest theory?
grand theory
broad scope, complex, require specification through research
grand theory
provides structural framework for broad and abstract ideas related to nursing
grand theory
more limited in scope and less abstract theory
middle-range theory
addresses specific phenomenon, reflects practice of administration, clinical interventions or teaching
middle-range theory
what are the 2 abstraction theories
-grand theory
-middle-range theory
what are the 2 types of goal orientation theories
-descriptive theory
-prescriptive theory
describes phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena
descriptive theory
what theory does not direct nursing activities
descriptive theory
addresses nursing interventions for a phenomenon, and predicts the consequence of a specific nursing intervention
prescriptive theory
if we do A we must do B
prescriptive theory
what was nightingale's theory
descriptive theory
who had environment as the focus of nursing care and focused on health maintenance and restoration?
nightingale
what was peplau's theory
theory of interpersonal relations
who believed that nursing is based on an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient, collaborating to meet patients needs?
peplau
what was orem's theory
self care deficit theory
who focused on patient's self-care needs?
orem
what was orem's goal?
for patients to manage his or her health problems
what did henderson believe about nursing care?
collaboration between nursing and patient to meet patient-centered goals that the patient cannot meet unassisted related to illness
what was leiniger's theory?
transcultural care
what was leiniger's goal?
to deliver culturally congruent care inline with pt. values and beliefs
what did Neuman believe about nursing care?
based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
what did neuman believe the role of nursing was?
to stabilize the patient or situation through purposeful intervention
what ways Roy's theory?
theory of adaptation
viewed pt. as an adaptive system
what did Watson believe about nursing care?
defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life
*purpose to understand the interrelationship among health, illness and human behavior
what did Benner and Wruble believe about caring
caring is central to care provisions
* "all about caring
What are the 2 interdisciplinary theories?
-basic human needs theory
-systems theory
systems theory?
environmental interactions, interrelated parts combine to make the whole
basic human needs theory?
based on the 5 levels and needs prioritization (maslow's heiarchy)
theories that foucus on human growth and development
developmental theories
theories that focus on psychologic, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual needs
psychosocial theories
The components of the nursing meta-paradigm include....
a. person, health, environment, and theory
b. health, theory, concepts, and environment
c. nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
d. person, health, environment, and nursing
person, health, environment, and nursing (d)
Theory is essential to nursing practice because it.... (all tht apply)
a. contributes to nursing knowledge
b. predicts patient behaviors in situations
c. provides a means of assessing patient vital signs
d. guides nursing practice
e. formulates health car
contributes to nursing knowledge, predicts patient behaviors in situations, guides nursing practice, explains relationships between concepts
A,B,D,F
A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free form clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist work is the nurse practicing in this example?
a. henderson
b. orem
c. king
d. nightingale
nightingale (d)
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activitie
orem (b) *self-care deficit theory
theory that addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice
middle-range theory
theory that applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice
shared theory
theory that is very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context
grand theory
theory that is specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the beside
practice theory
who's theory is based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care
King
who's theory is based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently
Henderson
who's theory is based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
Orem
who's theory is based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease
neuman
Benner skills acquisition
the nurse progresses thorough five stages of expertise
AACN's Synergy Model
matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes
Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness
the nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness
Kolcaba's theory of comfort
the nurse strives to relieve patients distress
Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct (all that apply)
a. nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
b. nursing theories are standardized and on to change over time
c. integrating theory i
-nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
-integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery
-nursing knowledge is generated by theory
-evidence- based practice results from theory-testing research
A,C,D,F
A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. the nurse best assist the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
a. roy
b. levine
c. watson
d. johnson
roy *theory of adaptation
Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
a. self-actualization
b. air, water, and nutrition
c. safety
d. esteem and self-esteem needs
air, water, and nutrition (B)
which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
a. biomedical
b. leadership
c. psychosocial
d. developmental
psychosocial (C)
Nurses have developed theories in response to... (all tht apply)
a. changes in health care
b. prior nursing theories
c. changes in nursing practice
d. research findings
e. gov regulations
f. theories from other disciplines
g. physician opinions
-changes in health care
-prior nursing theories
-changes in nursing practice
-research findings
-theories form other disciplines
A,B,C,D,F
Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current EBP?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory
middle-range theory (b)
a nurse is preparing to being intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory
practice theory (c)
the perspective of a profession
domain
domain of nursing provides both ________ and __________ aspects of the discipline
practical and theoretical
What provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline?
domain
aspects of a discipline that are shared by its scientific community
paradigm
links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline
nursing paradigm
the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual or potential health problems
nursing
a method of applying theory and/or knowledge
nursing process
contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon
theory
the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or response in relation to an event, process, or situation
phenomenon
any aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experiences
phenomenon
concepts + definitions + assumptions/propositions =
phenomenon
what are the components of a theory
-concepts
-definitions
-assumptions/propositions
describes, explains, predicts,and/or prescribes nursing care
nursing theory
what theory is the broadest theory?
grand theory
broad scope, complex, require specification through research
grand theory
provides structural framework for broad and abstract ideas related to nursing
grand theory
more limited in scope and less abstract theory
middle-range theory
addresses specific phenomenon, reflects practice of administration, clinical interventions or teaching
middle-range theory
what are the 2 abstraction theories
-grand theory
-middle-range theory
what are the 2 types of goal orientation theories
-descriptive theory
-prescriptive theory
describes phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena
descriptive theory
what theory does not direct nursing activities
descriptive theory
addresses nursing interventions for a phenomenon, and predicts the consequence of a specific nursing intervention
prescriptive theory
if we do A we must do B
prescriptive theory
what was nightingale's theory
descriptive theory
who had environment as the focus of nursing care and focused on health maintenance and restoration?
nightingale
what was peplau's theory
theory of interpersonal relations
who believed that nursing is based on an interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient, collaborating to meet patients needs?
peplau
what was orem's theory
self care deficit theory
who focused on patient's self-care needs?
orem
what was orem's goal?
for patients to manage his or her health problems
what did henderson believe about nursing care?
collaboration between nursing and patient to meet patient-centered goals that the patient cannot meet unassisted related to illness
what was leiniger's theory?
transcultural care
what was leiniger's goal?
to deliver culturally congruent care inline with pt. values and beliefs
what did Neuman believe about nursing care?
based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
what did neuman believe the role of nursing was?
to stabilize the patient or situation through purposeful intervention
what ways Roy's theory?
theory of adaptation
viewed pt. as an adaptive system
what did Watson believe about nursing care?
defines the outcome of nursing activity with regard to the humanistic aspects of life
*purpose to understand the interrelationship among health, illness and human behavior
what did Benner and Wruble believe about caring
caring is central to care provisions
* "all about caring
What are the 2 interdisciplinary theories?
-basic human needs theory
-systems theory
systems theory?
environmental interactions, interrelated parts combine to make the whole
basic human needs theory?
based on the 5 levels and needs prioritization (maslow's heiarchy)
theories that foucus on human growth and development
developmental theories
theories that focus on psychologic, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual needs
psychosocial theories
The components of the nursing meta-paradigm include....
a. person, health, environment, and theory
b. health, theory, concepts, and environment
c. nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
d. person, health, environment, and nursing
person, health, environment, and nursing (d)
Theory is essential to nursing practice because it.... (all tht apply)
a. contributes to nursing knowledge
b. predicts patient behaviors in situations
c. provides a means of assessing patient vital signs
d. guides nursing practice
e. formulates health car
contributes to nursing knowledge, predicts patient behaviors in situations, guides nursing practice, explains relationships between concepts
A,B,D,F
A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free form clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist work is the nurse practicing in this example?
a. henderson
b. orem
c. king
d. nightingale
nightingale (d)
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activitie
orem (b) *self-care deficit theory
theory that addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice
middle-range theory
theory that applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice
shared theory
theory that is very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context
grand theory
theory that is specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the beside
practice theory
who's theory is based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care
King
who's theory is based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently
Henderson
who's theory is based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
Orem
who's theory is based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease
neuman
Benner skills acquisition
the nurse progresses thorough five stages of expertise
AACN's Synergy Model
matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes
Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness
the nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness
Kolcaba's theory of comfort
the nurse strives to relieve patients distress
Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct (all that apply)
a. nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
b. nursing theories are standardized and on to change over time
c. integrating theory i
-nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines
-integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery
-nursing knowledge is generated by theory
-evidence- based practice results from theory-testing research
A,C,D,F
A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. the nurse best assist the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
a. roy
b. levine
c. watson
d. johnson
roy *theory of adaptation
Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
a. self-actualization
b. air, water, and nutrition
c. safety
d. esteem and self-esteem needs
air, water, and nutrition (B)
which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
a. biomedical
b. leadership
c. psychosocial
d. developmental
psychosocial (C)
Nurses have developed theories in response to... (all tht apply)
a. changes in health care
b. prior nursing theories
c. changes in nursing practice
d. research findings
e. gov regulations
f. theories from other disciplines
g. physician opinions
-changes in health care
-prior nursing theories
-changes in nursing practice
-research findings
-theories form other disciplines
A,B,C,D,F
Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current EBP?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory
middle-range theory (b)
a nurse is preparing to being intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
a. grand theory
b. middle-range theory
c. practice theory
d. shared theory
practice theory (c)