Life maturation processes and ________ shape the individual's life at any stage of human development
Culture
_____________ believe the skill of ____________ requires role-taking important for both moral and psychological growth between the counselor and the client
Kholberg, Listening
Baltes & Smith (2003) examine three influences on human development, including normative age-graded , normative history-graded and ______________________________.
Nonnormative or highly individualized life events
Which of the following is not a required or expected responsibility of counseling professionals in helping their clients through the therapeutic relationship
Problem-solving for clients
Understanding the processes of human development in clients includes gaining a clear concept of which of the following
How individuals cope with and make sense of their environment
_______________ provides a framework for the study of human development that furthers scientific vision and stimulates the application of science for public policy and social programs
Theories
_____ presented a model that emphasized the challenges and tasks presented across one's lifespan as key to understanding human development
Erikson
____________ emphazided the importance of observational learning, but ____________ suggested that behavior is the result of consequences experienced
Bandura, Skinner
____________'s theory of ____________ development describes how humans gather and organize information and how the process changes developmentally
Piaget, Cognitive
The belief that human development is the result of interactions between people and their social environment most closely coincides with ____________' s theory of development, indicating that development is inseparable from social and cultural life.
Vygotsky
Which part of the brain controls motor movement coordination, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone?
Cerebellum
Which of the following is the leading cause of mental retardation in babies?
Alcohol consumption by the expectant mother
The __________ is one of the first visible structures in the developing fetus, and at birth it is developing neural paths for thriving babies?
Spinal Cord
The __________ reflex occurs in response to a loud noise or when a person nearby makes a sudden movement.
Moro
Which of the following terms refers to the ability to observe and understand emotional cues of others and then use those cues to guide one's behavior?
Social Referencing
Which of the following has not been found to be an effective sleep management technique?
Unmodified extinction
By ________ months, a child can mold play dough, put round and square pegs into holes, and turn rotating handles.
24 months
By what age do children begin to develop memories?
3 years
A caregiver's failure to provide necessary medical or mental health treatment for the child is an example of ________.
Neglect
Children who become quiet, cry, or hide behind a parent when a new person approaches may be experiencing _______________.
Stranger Anxiety
According to Piaget, preschoolers are in the _________ stage of cognitive development.
Pre-operational
_____________'s concept of the zone of proximal development emphasized that people in the child's life influence the child's cognitive abilities.
Vygotsky
According to ________________, preschoolers are in a stage referred to as ______________, when children tend to think of actions as either always being right or always being wrong.
Piaget, Morality of Constraint
Which of the following is not a sign of a great preschool, according to NAEYC
Worksheets are used frequently to practice letters and numbers
Which of the following is not one of Parten's categories of social play?
Dramatic Play
Many of the changes occurring during middle childhood develop within the ______________, which is the brain center responsible for attention, working memory, behavioral monitoring, self-regulation, reasoning, information processing, goal-setting, and inhi
Prefrontal Cortex
_____________ equips children with the skills needed to practice self-monitoring or self-instruction.
Metacognition
Middle school children typically develop friendships with children who share similar interests and ____________________.
Enjoy playing together
____________ Parents are highly demanding and use a high level of control in handling their children. They usually show little affection toward their children and have closed communication between on another.
Authoritarian
The male's adolescent growth spurt does not typically occur until the age of _________________.
14
Which of the following is more likely to occur in adolescents as a result of experiencing early puberty?
Developing dependence on alcohol
Links have been made in the research between the adolescent displaying ___________ and ______________ behavior.
Sympathy and Prosocial
Early onset of puberty is unlikely to be the result of ____________.
Improved nutrition
Which of the following is an example of a non-suicidal self-injurious act, as defined by Klonsky.
Head-banging
Self-esteem in teens is affected by _______________ in areas that are viewed as important by the individuals
Competence
Which of the following is among the three leading causes of death for youngsters aged 12 to 20 in the United States?
Suicide
____________ believed that females tend to emphasize caring when cognitively handling ethical decisions whereas males emphasize justice.
Gilligan
Which of the following are the best predictors of a positive transition from a high school to a college setting?
High academic ethic and achievement
Which of the following is one of the CDC's main categories of youth risk behaviors?
Risky Sexual Behaviors
______________ has proved to be the therapy of choice for treating bulimia in adults while __________ has been shown to be effective for treating adolescents with bulimia and anorexia.
CBT and Family Therapy
Which of the following is a key feature that characterizes emerging adulthood?
Self-Focus
Erikson posits that from the ages of 19 to 40, individuals work through the crisis of ______________________.
intimacy vs. isolation
According to Levinson, the ages of 17 to 45 encompass ________________, which he divides into the ________ phase and the __________ phase.
early adulthood, novice, culminating
Piaget's concept of ___________________ acknowledges that the world sometimes lacks pure right and wrong solutions so individuals must draw upon prior experiences to solve problems.
Postformal thought
Having a negative body image is unlikely to lead to _________________.
Life Satisfaction
Which of the following is likely to impact secondary aging?
Unhealthy eating
Jung describes ______________ as the common desire to prolong youth and restrain oneself from crossing the threshold into maturity.
nerurotic disturbances in adults
The center of ___________'s theory is _______________, which is described as the underlying pattern of a person's life at any particular time..
Levinson, life structure
According, to Erikson, ___________________ represents a lethargic stance toward the world and is most commonly seen during middle adulthood.
Stagnation
______________, verbal memory, inductive reasoning, and adulthood orientation _______________ in middle adulthood.
Vocabulary, improve
Erikson's stage of ___________, occurring at age 65 and older, involves a possible conflict of coming to terms with one's life and accepting one's life.
Integrity vs. Despair
_________ involves identifying opportunities or domains of activity that are of greatest value or importance.
Selection
Erikson believed that if we see our lives as unproductive, it can lead to ___________.
Depression
Resolution of life's crises, according to Erikson, results in _______________.
Psychosocial regression or growth
Some individuals are more ___________ in their goal striving, which is having the capacity to make choices.
Agentic
Studies show that life satisfaction in older adults is strongly influenced by _______________.
Participation in culturally valued tasks
Older adults may employ _______________ to allocate and refine resources in order to achieve higher level of functioning in selected areas of life.
Optimization
Older adults who reach a sens of ________ feel whole, complete, and satisfied with their achievements.
Integrity
The combination of one's own culture and _________ shapes tha older adult's imagined self, moving into the future.
Life experiences
In the process of accepting one's life, older adults who integrate their ________ and their goal-related activities, typically experience a sense of ______________.
Goals, Fulfillment
Multidimensional functional status incorporates physical well-being , ________, emotional well-being, and social well-being.
Functional Ability
Is it important for counselors to understand that tranquility of life is described often with both ____ and ____ dimensions based on individual's life experiences during their lifespan
Objective, subjective
The _____ of aging is concerned with diseases that cause morbidity and moshock that is associated with news of a terminal illness.rtality and also with the causes of disability and how they affect functional independence
Epidemiology
_______ retirement, limited financial resources, health conditions, and bereavement affect one's interpersonal relationships.
Later life transitions, such as
People's interpersonal relationships and communication skills have been shown to influence each of the following, except _____________.
Life expectancy
__________, the ______ of the Kubler-Ross' stages of grief, may follow the initial shock that is associated with news of a terminal illness.
Denial, first
Kubler-Ross described __ as a reaction to impending death is characterized by sadness and feelings of hopelessness
Depression
Mental health counselors are _____ to diagnose and recommend treatment for older adults in advanced age, possibly in part due to a clinician's _____ in working with this population and attitudes towards aging.
less likely, lack of experience
Which of the following did Capuzzi and Gross offer as a preferred group theory/approach applicable to the aging population?
milieu therapy
Which of the following is a physical impact of aging?
deterioration of body systems