Dawn phenomenon treatment
-is fasting hyperglycemia without prior nocturnal hypoglycemia.
-this phenomenon occurs when growth hormone, a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin, is secreted during the night
-patients awake with elevated fasting blood glucose levels, precipitated in
diabetes mellitus (DM)
is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by abnormal fuel metabolism, all of which have hyperglycemia in common
-theses disorders result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
-is a life-threatening complication precipitated by an acute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion
-it is characterized by profound disturbances in metabolism of CHO, fat, and protein
-complications: severe dehydration, insulin dependency, metabolic
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a complication of diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
-is a condition in which the onset of diabetes occurs during pregnancy
Glucosuria
glucose in the urine
Hemoglobin A1c (Hg A1c)
A1c is formed when glucose in the blood binds irreversibly to hemoglobin to form a stable glycated hemoglobin complex; reflects the average blood glucose values of the previous 2-3 months.
Test used to measure for assessment of glucose control.
Hyperglycemia
excessive sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemia
abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemic unawareness
-No warning signs/symptoms until glucose level critically low
-Related to autonomic neuropathy and lack of counterregulatory hormones
-Patients at risk should keep blood glucose levels somewhat higher
1) decreased diaphoresis
2) increased anhydrosis
3) de
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
-is a life threatening complication characterized by serum hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and hyperglycemia
-it is usually restricted to patients who cannot recognize their thirst or express their need for water
- this syndrome is seen in patients with exc
Polyphagia
excessive hunger
Somogyi effect
-is fasting hyperglycemia with prior hypoglycemia
-also known as rebound hyperglycemia
-When the hypoglycemia occurs, there is a release of glucose from the liver, which is associated with a rise in glucose and an elevated fasting blood glucose level. As