autoimmune, antibodies block receptors preventing muscle contraction
skeletal muscle weakness
s/s: ptosis, diplopia, difficult swallow or breathing, weak arms and legs
diagnose: neuro exam, edrophonium test, CT, nerve conduction test
treat: immunosuppress
myasthemia gravis
brain disorder/ basal ganglia
s/s: tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia
diagnose: neuro exam
treat: meds, deep brain stimulator
parkinsons
MRI, nerve conduction
diagnose ALS
demyelination of CNS white mater
sclerotic plaque on white mater
s/s: fatigue, muscle weak, speech and swallow difficulty, poor balance, abnormal gait, paresthesia
diagnose: MRI
treat: meds, physical therapy
multiple sclerosis
btwn skull and dura mater
tear in artery
unconscious and lucid periods
epidural hematoma
btwn dura and subarachnoid space
tear in vein
increase ICP and decrease LOC
HA and confusion
subdural hematoma
most common to frontal and temporal
danger to area that it puts pressure on
intracerebral hematoma
global injury
shaking baby syndrome
MRI
diffuse brain injury
hypertension
age
tumor
aneurysm
risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes
HA
vomit
seizure
coma
s/s for hemorrhagic strokes
caused by fever
children
no need to treat the seizures
loss of consciousness
febrile seizure
severe infection of bone and local tissue
open fracture
osteomylitis
particles released from bone marrow into bloodstream and lodge into lung vasculature
SOB, rapid breathing, hypoxemia, rash
x-ray and CT
fat embolism
common benign tumor
kids
grows no bone surface
osteochondroma
common malignant bone tumor
kids
on distal femur, proximal tibia and fibula, proximal humerus
osteosarcoma
buildup of pressure on soft tissue
hypoxia bc of collapsed blood vessels
necrosis
emergency decompression
compartment syndrome
breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a harmful protein into the bloodstream
dark urine, low amt of urine, muscle aching and weakness
increase fluid to prevent kidney damage
rhabdomyolysis
diabetes 17.5+
prediabetes 9.5 - 17.4
A1C value for diabetes and prediabetes
bone to muscle
tendon connects
bone to bone
ligament connects
high metabolism
weight loss
goiter
fast HR
exophthalmos
heat intolerance
hyperthyroid
low metabolism
weight gain
low HR
enlg heart
edema
muscle weakness
cold intolerance
hypothyroid
70 - 100
normal fasting blood glucose
disorder of decreased alertness with associated psychomotor special needs
obtunded