Protein
Identify a component of the blood which cannot move across normal intact endothelium lining capillaries
atherosclerosis
Identify one long term consequence of uncontrolled primary HTN (don't answer death)
Afterload
The vasoconstriction which is present in HTN increases (preload or afterload) on the heart
SA node
Identify the normal pacemaker of the heart
Increased HR
Identify an effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart
Increased contractility
Identify one compensation for heart failure
increased SV
How is that compensation beneficial to the individual
puts strain on the heart
How is that compensation harmful to the individual
glucose synthesis
identify a role for the liver in energy metabolism
Converts chylomicron remnants
Identify a role for the liver in lipid metabolism
Decrease glycogen synthesis
identify one response of the liver to insulin
Helps decrease glucose levels
Identify the effect that your response has on blood glucose concentration
beta cells
Identify the cell type in the pancreas responsible for the synthesis and secretion of insulin
amino acids
Identify one stimulus for the secretion of insulin other than blood glucose
Lipolysis (triacylglycerols)
Identify the response of adipose cells to insulin
Cataracts or glaucoma
Identify one long term consequence of diabetes. (don't answer hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis)
Hyposecretion of insulin
Identify the etiologic cause of diabetes type I
Hyposensitivity to insulin
Identify the etiologic cause of diabetes type II
esterified cholesterol
identify one component of HDL
triglyceride
identify one component of LDL
Endogenous
High LDL represents excessive (endogenous or exogenous Lipid)
smoking
Identify one risk factor for atherosclerosis
GLUT 4
Identify a transport protein responsible for transport of glucose
Production of angiotensin II
identify a stimulus for the secretion of renin as might occur in heart failure
Increased fluid retention
identify a consequence, or result, of the secretion of renin
Increased HR
Identify an effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart
automaticity
identify the term, or characteristic of the heart, used to describe the depolarization which leads to action potentials in the heart
SA node
identify a tissue in the heart in which that depolarization occurs
ectopic pacemaker
identify a proposed physiologic mechanism for the generation of arrhythmias
Kidney
identify the organ, or tissue, which secretes renin
Pancreas
Identify the organ, or tissue, which secretes insulin
Liver
Identify the organ, or tissue, which secretes VLDL
Intestines
Identify the organ, or tissue, which forms chylomicrons
Liver
Identify an organ, or tissue, which responds to glucagon
Rhythmicity
What does the R-R interval on an ECG indicate
A
A: triacylglycerol content of chylomicrons
B: Triacylglycerol content of chylomicron remnants
B
A: Total peripheral resistance in a normotensive pt
B: Total peripheral resistance in a hypertensive pt
B
A: extracellular osmolarity associated with normal blood glucose concentrations
B: extracellular osmolarity associated with hyperglycemias
A
A: incidence of primary HTN
B: incidence of secondary HTN
B
A: resistance of blood flow through arterioles of organs in absence of heart failure
B: resistance of blood flow through arterioles of organs in presence of heart failure
A
A: Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) if the arteriole feeding the capillary is dilated
B: Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) if the arteriole feeding the capillary is constricted
A
A: Rate of filtration from a capillary if hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) is high
B: Rate of filtration from a capillary if hydrostatic pressure in the capillary (Pc) is low
B
A: Atrial rate during sinus bradycardia
B: Atrial rate during sinus tachycardia
B
A: Ventricular rate during sinus bradycardia
B: ventricular rate during sinus tachycardia
B
A: time available for ventricular filling during sinus tachycardia
B: time available for ventricular filling during sinus bradycardia
A
A: ventricular rate during atrial tachycardia without heart block
B: ventricular rate during atrial tachycardia with 2:1 heart block
B or C???????
A: efficacy of treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction
B: efficacy of treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction
A
A: incidence of DKA with type I diabetes
B: incidence of DKA with type II diabetes
C
A: excretion of glucose in the urine during fasting in a normal pt
B: excretion of glucose in the urine following a glucose load in a normal pt
B
A: Excretion of glucose during fasting in a diabetic (type I) pt
B: excretion of glucose following a glucose load in a diabetic (type I) pt
B
A: Fasting blood glucose concentrations in a normal pt
B: fasting blood glucose concentrations in a diabetic (type I) pt
A
A: blood pH when blood ketone concentrations are low
B: blood pH when blood ketone concentrations are high
A
A: glucagon concentrations when insulin concentrations are low
B: glucagon concentrations when insulin concentrations are high
B
A: Glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) in normal pt
B: Glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) in pts with type I diabetes
B
A: cholesterol content of VLDL
B: Cholesterol content of LDL