gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.
knowing that glucogenesis helps to maintain blood levels, a nurse should
document weight changes bc of fatty acid mobilization, evaluate the patients sensisitivity to room temps bc of decreased adipose tissue insulation, protect the patient from sources of infection because of decreased cellular protein deposits
clinical manifestations associated with the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes include....
hyponatremia, ketonuria, polyphagia (increased hunger)
lowest fasting glucose level suggesting a diagnosis of diabetes is
126 mg/df
a clinical feature that distinguishes a hypoglycemic reaction from a ketoacidosis reaction is
diaphoresis
albert refuses his bedtime snack. this should alert the nurse to assess for
signs of hypoglycemia earlier than expected
a client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is being treated in the ER. Which finding would a nurse expect to note as confirming this diagnosis?
elevated blood glucose level and a low plasma bicarbonate
a nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 DM. Findings include a fasting blood glucose of 120 mg, temp of 101, pulse of 88, respiration of 22, and a bp of 140/84. Which finding would be of most concern of the nurse?
temperature
glucose is important molecule in a cell because this molecule is primarily used for
extraction of energy, glucose catabolism is the main pathway for cellular energy production
when a client is first admitted with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonkeotic syndrome (HHNS), the nurse's priority is to provide
fluid replacement
the nurse is admitting a client with hypoglycemia. Idenitify the s/sx the nurse should expect. Select all that apply:
palpitations, diaphoresis, slurred speech
which adaptations should the nurse caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis expect the client to exhibit? select all that apply?
low PCO2, retinopathy ((metabolic acidosis initiates respiratory compensation in the form of Kussmaul's respirations to counteract the effects of ketone building, resulting in a lowed PCO2. A fruity odor to the breath occurs when the ketone level is eleva
a clients blood gases reflect diabetic acidosis. The nurse should expect
decreased HCO3
the nurse knows that glucagon may be given in the treatment of hypoglycemia because it
increased blood glucose levels (glucagon, an insulin antagonist produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans, leads to the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver)
the insulin that has the most rapid onset of action would be
lispro, lispro has an immediate onset, a peak of 30-50 minutes, and duration of 2-4 hrs
which of the following chronic complications associated with diabetes?
retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease
insulin forces which of the following electrolytes out of the plasma and into the cell?
potassium ((insulin forces potassium out of the plasma, back ito the cells, causing hypokalemia. Potassium is needed to help transport glucose and insulin into the cells. calcium, magnesium, and phophorues aren't affected by insulin))
which of the following causes of HHNS is most common
undiagnosed, untreated diabetes mellitus
a client is in DKA, secondary to infection. As the condition progresses, which of the following symptoms might be the nurse see?
kussmaul's respirations and a fruity odor on the breath ((coma and severe acidosis are ushered in with kussmaul's respirations and a fruity odor on the breath (acetone breath)))))
Clients with type 1 diabetes may require which of the following charges to their daily routine during periods of infection?
more insulin ((during periods of infection or illness, diabetics may need even more insulin to compensate for increased blood glucose levels))
what is the best way to explain the diagnosis of diabetes to a patient
one function of your pancrease is to secrete insulin. the endocrine function of the pancreas is to secrete insulin. THe endocrine function of the pancreas is to secrete insulin. Insulin is screted by the beta, not the alpha cells of the pancreas.
what increases the likelihood of developing diabetes mellitus?
overweight
steven john has type 1 diabetes mellitus and receives insulin, which lab test will the nurse assess? potassium, ast, serum amylase, or sodium
potassium
which of the following is accurate pertaining to physical exercise and type 1 diabetes melliltus?
physical exercise can slow the progression diabetes mellitus (physical exercise slows the progression of diabetes mellitus because exercise has beneficial effects on carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity)
diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect
an ailing 70 year old woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been ill with pneumonia. The client's intake has been very poor, and she is admitted to the hospital for observation and management as needed. What is the most likely problem wit
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar- non-ketotic coma