It is estimated that only ___% of the available energy is passed from one level of the trophic pyramid to another.
a.1
b.2
c.10
d.90
c
The best example of a tertiary consumer would be a
a. mouse
b. grasshopper
c. sheep
d. cactus
e. coyote
e
A decomposer would recycle _____ back to a ____
nutrients, producer
Which of the following trophic levels has the most biomass?
a. Producers
b. Primary consumers
c. Secondary
d. Decomposers
a
Based on the picture, on average to support 100 lbs of bass requires:
a. 100 lbs perch
b. 90 lbs
c. 1000 lbs water fleas
d. 10,000 lbs of water fleas
d
All of the following are examples of heterotrophs except:
a. Vulture
b. Bacteria
c. Moss
d. Human
e. Coyote
c
The major sources of nitrogen & sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identifies by which of the following
Atmosphere, Rocks
Which major cycle does not contain a gaseous phase ?
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Carbon
d. Water
b
The process by which microbes recycle nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere is called
Denitrification
The part of the earth that is occupied by living things
a. Lithosphere
b. Atmosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Biosphere
d
All forms of water make up the :
a. Lithosphere
b. Atmosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Biosphere
c
Global warming has been linked to humans altering which cycle
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Carbon
d. Water
c
Carbon dioxide is being added to the Earth's atmosphere in all the following ways except:
a. combustion
b. Cellular Respiration
c. Volcanism
d. Decomposition
e. Photosynthesis
e
Nodules would most likely be found in the roots of what plant species ?
a. Grasses
b. Oaks
c. Legumes
d. crysanthemums
c
The nodules spoke of in the question above are important for what cycle ?
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Carbon
d. Water
a
Of the following which has the greatest permeability ?
a. Clay
b. Loam
c. Sand
d. Silt
e. Humus
c
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is ?
A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Water Vapor
D. Carbon Dioxide
E. Hydrogen
a
lowest trophic level
deer
Elements that cycle in the biosphere that have a gaseous state some point include the following: I- Carbon, II- Phosphorus, III- Sulfure
I & III
Fresh liquid water %
.025 %
Which of the following will result in acceleration in eutrophication when introduced introduced into a body of water ?
a. Bacteria
b. Pesticides
c. Herbicides
d. Phosphates
e. Acid Rain
d
The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are
Photosynthesis and Respiration
The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low nutrient soils
Decomposition
The process in which glucose is synthesized
Photosynthesis
The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released is reduced and released into the atmosphere as a gas
Detrinification
Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate
Nitrification
Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrates for use in making molecules such as DNA and proteins
Assimilation
Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrogen gas
Denitrification
Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems ?
a. There is usually a gaseous in phase in the cycle
b. Phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments
c. Under many conditions, phosphorus for
s
Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from Earth's atmosphere ?
a. Formation of carbonate deposits
b. Out gassing by volcanoes
c. Respiration by mammals
d. Anaerobic bacteria
e. UV light
a
Many scientist maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such a rise ?
a. increased precipitation
b. increased cloud cover
c. incre
d
One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric CO(2) would be to :
a. Increase oceanic temperatures to enhance photosynthesis
b. Increase the rate removal of tropical rain forests
c. Decrease the total area of grasslands
d. Decrease the use of fossil
d
Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in the surface waters ?
a. lack of proper filtration devices for such things such as power plants
b. introduction of cyanobacteria to streams and rivers
c. run off of metal ions in bodie
d
If mean global temperatures keep on increasing as predicted, which of the following is most likely to happen ?
a. There will be fewer insect pests and disease causing organisms
b. Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction
c. The
b
Photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in the Earth's atmosphere?
a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Water Vapor
c. Oxygen
d. Hydrogen
e. Nitrogen
c
Species
organisms that resemble one another in appearance, behavior, chemical makeup, and processes and genetic structure
population
group of individuals organisms of the same species living in a particular area
biodiversity
variety of ecosystems and functions of energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities
primary consumer
eats plants or other producers
secondary consumer
feeds on primary
third or higher level
carnivores
biomass
organic matter produced by plants and other photosynthetic producers, total dry weight of all living organisms
GPP
capture and store energy as biomass
Range of Tollerance
range of physical and chemical conditions for populations to stay maintained and species to grow, live, develop, and function normally
Limiting Factor Principle
too little or too much of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent population growth , even if at optimal range of tolerance
Distribution/ Range
area over which species can be found
biogeochemical cycles
recycle nutrients in various chemical forms from nonliving to living then back to nonliving environment
Processes in water cycle
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
surface run-off
Processes in carbon cycle
photosynthesis
respiration
fossil fuels
Soil Types
clay
silt
sand
loam
Soil layers
O - topsoil, waste
A - weathered rock
B - organic and leached material
C - bedrock
porosity
spaces ( think pores = holes in skin )
permeability
ease of moving thru
leaching
transporting water from upper layers to lower layer
which of the following is not a particle size used to determine soil texture
gravel
levels smallest to largest
organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere
the factor for which a pop might have a range of tolerance could be
a. light
b. temp
c .pH
d. salinity
e. all
e
a community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical environment is called
a. species
b. ecosystem
c. pop
d. community
e. lithosphere
b
ecological efficiency problem
20 , 4
natural ecosystems achieve sustainability through :
a. recycling solar energy
b. use of renewable energy
c. making life forms more complex and reversing law of thermodynamics
d. use of the one way flow of energy
e. making life more less complex by reversi
d
to which is guano an important component
a. phosphorus
b. carbon
c. hydrologic
d. sulfur
e. rock
a
2 ways humans have most interfered with the carbon cycle
burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
most of the energy input in a food chain is
a. converted to heat
b. converted to biomass
c. recycled
d. degraded into low quality energy not usable by living things
e. converted into the carbon cycle
d
the zone of which no member of a pop can live
zone of intolerance
energy
flows only in one direction
the major plant nutrient most likely to be a limiting factor is
a. phosphorus
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. nitrogen
e. carbon
a
soil is a complex mixture of
a. mineral nutrients
b. eroded rock particles
c. air and water
d. decaying organi material
e. all above
e
top soil contains all the following except
a. plant roots
b. humus
c. freshly fallen leaves
d. some inorganic minerals
e. bacteria
c
autotrophs
can live with heterotrophs
the hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by
a. solar energy and gravity
b. solar energy and the moon
c. solar energy and mechanical energy
d. mechanical and chemical energy
e. chemical and solar energy
a
humans strongly strongly affect the hydrologic cycle through all the following except
a. aquifer withdraw in heavily populated areas
b. clearing land
c. paving roads and parking lots
d. creating housing developments
e. all are ways humans affect the cycle
e
the dissolving of material from upper layers of the soil and its movement to lower horizons is called
leaching
if you were a farmer which type of soil would you use for your crops
loam
all the brown spotted frogs and green tree frogs living in the same area would be apart of the same population
false
a deer is both primary and in the second trophic level
true
plants utilize a portion of their own GPP for respiration and growth
true