self concept
a set of relatively stable perceptions that each of us holds about ourselves. this includes physical & emotional traits, values, roles in life, gender, age, occupation, etc.
reflected appraisal
is the influence of others on ones self concept; it describes how we develop an image of ourselves from the way we think others view us
personality
the set of enduring characteristics that define a person's temperament, thought processes, and social behavior; partly determined by genetics, the way you behave
self esteem
our evaluation of self worth
Perception=
Reality
collectivism
having identity by belonging to a group; interdependence. groups priority over individual priority.
individualism
self promotion/ independence/ self reliant
culture
the values, attitudes, beliefs, rules and norms that you live by
sense of self
to increase accuracy in your perception and get closer to reality on both sides in order to have improved communication. your perception equals your reality.
self fulfilling prophecy
occurs when a persons expectation of an outcome, and subsequent behavior, makes the outcome more likely to occur that it would have otherwise been. it can influence Your behavior, AND another persons actions
example of a self fulfilling prophecy
you expected to be nervous in a job interview, because of this your anxiety caused you to answer questions poorly
example of collective culture
native tribes, china & india (eastern cultures)
example of individual culture
us, canada (western cultures)
example of self esteem
being tall or athletic; "i am glad that i am athletic", or "i hate being tall
example of self concept
a mental mirror, the reflection of how we view ourself
perception
refers to the messages you take in and what meaning you give to them
narratives
are the stories you create and use to make sense of your own personal world
attribution
the process of attaching meaning to behavior. we attach meaning to both our own actions and the actions of others. but we often use different standards of comparison
example of attribution
stereotyping, self serving bias, favoring negative impressions over positive ones, influenced by what is most obvious, clinging to first impressions
self serving bias
the tendency to interpret and explain information in a way that casts the perceiver in the most favorable manner
influences on perception
physiological, cultural, sex and gender roles, occupational roles, relational roles
physiological influence on perception
age, sex, health & nutrition, biological cycles, neurology, and makeup; bodily differences in how each of us experience the world
example of physiological influence on perception
turn down the radio, its going to make me deaf",
"its not too loud, if i turn it down, it will be impossible to hear it
cultural influence on perception
culture provides a filter that influences the way we interpret even the simplest events. this filter extends to sex and gender roles, occupational roles and relational roles, to name a few
sex and gender roles
social expectations about masculine and feminine behavior that have a powerful influence on our identity and how we communicate
ex: you throw the ball like a girl
occupational roles
the kind of work we do also governs our view of the world
ex: police vs salesman
relational roles
your roles in relation to others.
sister/girlfriend/parent
we use "_____" and "_____" to take on somebody elses perception
sympathy and empathy
sympathy
feeling compassion for another persons predicament
empathy
the ability to recreate another persons perspective, to experience the world from another's point of view; having a personal sense of what that persons predicament is like
the dimensions to empathy include?
perspective taking, emotions, and genuine concern
the goal of perception checking is?
mutual understanding
perception checking
a 3 part method for verifying the the accuracy of perceptions
steps to perception checking?
description of the sense data, two possible interpretations, and request for confirmation of the interpretation
identity management
the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them; public and private selves
perceived self
is a reflection of the self concept; this is the person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self examination, normally your private or hidden self
presenting self
is a public image; how your present yourself to others