Instrumental
Use of language to obtain what you need or desire
Regulatory
Use of language to control a regulate the behaviors of others
Informative
Use of language to communicate in formation or report fax
Heuristic
Use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding
Interactional
Use of language to established and defined social relationships
Personal anguish
Use of language to express individuality and personality
Imaginative
Use of language to express oneself artistically orcreatively
Grammar
The structural rules that govern the generation of meaning in a language
Phonology
The study of the signs that compose individual language and how those sounds communicate meaning
Syntax
The rules that govern word order
Semantics
The study of meaning
Pregramatics
Field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals
Speech act theory
Branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also DO things with their words
Dialect
Variation of the language distinguished by its vocabulary, grandma, and pronunciation
Lexical choice
Vocabulary
Ebonics
A version of English that has its roots in west Africa, Caribbean, and US slave languages
Jargon
The specialist terms that developed in many professions
Nominalists
Those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speakers perception of the word
Relativists
Those who argue that language serves not only is a way for us to voice our ideas but "is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individuals mental activity
Sapir- Whorf hypothesis
The ideas of the language people speak determines the way they see the world (a relativist perspective)
Cocultural theory
Explores the role of power in daily interactions
Hate speech
Use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category
Disco firming communication
Comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners
Confirming communication
Comments that validate positive self image of others