Channel-rich context
a communication context involving MANY channels at once
Channel-lean context
a communication context involving FEW channels at once
Symbol
a representation of an idea
Content dimension
literal info that is communicated by a message
Relational dimension
signals about the relationship in which a message is being communicated
Meta-communication
communication about communication
Explicit rule
a rule about behavior that has been clearly articulated
Implicit rule
a rule about behavior that has NOT been clearly articulated but is nonetheless understood
Interpersonal communication
communication that occurs between two people
Intrapersonal communication
communication with oneself
Small group communication
communication within 3 or more people
Mass communication
communication from one source to a large audience
Dyad
a pair of people
Communication competence
communication in ways that are effective and appropriate for a given situation
Self monitoring
awareness of one's behavior and how it affects others
Empathy
the ability to feel as others do
Cognitive complexity
the ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways
Ethics
a code of mortality or a set of ideas about what is right
Physical needs
physical and mental well being
Relational needs
social and personal relationships
Identity needs
who we are and who we want to be
Spiritual needs
share beliefs and values with others
Instrumental needs
day to day tasks
Action model
a sender encodes a message and conveys it through a communication channel for a receiver to decode
Interaction model
messages are shaped by the feedback we receive from others and by the context in which we are interacting
Transaction model
both people in conversation are senders and receivers
Stigma
a characteristic that discredits a person making him/her be seen as abnormal or undesirable
Model
a formal description of a process
Culture
the learned shared symbols language values and norms that distinguish one group of people from another
Societies
groups of people who share symbols language values and norms
In-group
groups we identify with
Out-group
groups we see as different from ourselves
Co-cultures
groups of people who share values customs and norms related to a mutual interest or characteristic
Individualistic culture
a culture that emphasizes individuality and responsibility to oneself
Collectivist culture
a culture that places greater emphasis on loyalty to the family workplace or community than on the needs of the individual
Low-context culture
a culture in which verbal communication is expected to be explicit and is often interpreted literally
High-context culture
a culture in which verbal communication is often ambiguous and meaning is drawn from contextual cues
Low-power distance culture
a culture in which power is not highly concentrated in specific groups of people
High-power distance culture
a culture in which much or most of the power is concentrated on a few people such as royalty
Masculine culture
value ambition achievement and material goods
Feminine culture
value nurturance life service to others
Mono-chronic
a concept that treats time as a finite commodity that can be saved earned spent and wasted
Poly-chronic
a culture that treats time as a infinite resource rather than a finite commodity
Uncertainty avoidance
the degree to which people find novel unfamiliar situations problematic
Uncertainty acceptance
open to uncertainty
Communication codes
verbal and nonverbal behaviors
Idioms
a phrase whose meaning is purely figurative and can't be understood by interpreting literally
Jargon
language whose technical meaning is understood by people within that culture
Androgyny
a combination of male and female traits
Enculturation
symbols, values, and norms
culture
symbols, language, values, and norms
Values
Standards to judge how good, desirable, or beautiful something is
Norms
rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture
Functions of gender
gender roles, sex, and sexual orientation
Advantages of masculinity
protective, solve problems, take good risks
Disadvantages of masculinity
keep from asking for help, more likely to be victims and committing crimes, illness, injury and premature death
Advantages of femininity
survival of families, build strong relationships
Disadvantages of femininity
no education or career, depression, eating disorders, and abusive relationships
androgyny
the person identifies strongly with aspects of both femininity and masculinity
Self-concept
a set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is
Johari Window
a visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others
Open area
characteristics that are known both to the self and to others ex. name, sex, hobbies, and academic major
Hidden area
characteristics that you know about yourself but choose not to reveal to others ex. emotional insecurities, traumas
Blind area
the dimension of the self concept that we are not aware of ex. impatience violent
Unknown area
aspects of the self concept that are not known to you or others ex. what kind of parent you will be, sudden wealth or loss
Subjective
based on impressions we have of ourselves rather than objective facts
Reflected appraisal
the process whereby people's self-concept is influenced by their beliefs concerning what other people think of them
Social comparison
the process of comparing oneself with others
Self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true
Self-disclosure
the act of giving others information about oneself that one believes they do not already have
Social penetration theory
predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth
Breadth
the range of topics about which one person self discloses to another
Depth
the intimacy of the topics about which one person self-discloses to another