Nonverbal Behavior
all nonverbal actions we engage in (scratching various body parts, moving in time to the music)
Nonverbal Communication
nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning (behavior is communicative when: it is used regularly, it is interpreted as intentional, there is a recognized, agreed-upon interpretation for the behavior)
Influences on nonverbal communication
culture (meaning of any nonverbal behavior is defined by the cultures of those interacting), the relationship between the people interacting, the meaning we attribute to someone's behavior varies based on how well we know them, interpretation based on their sex (flippin hair)
Nonverbal Codes (signals)
distinct, organized means of expression that consist of both symbols and rules (a set of behaviors and codes together determines the meaning or significance of an action)
Kinesics
the term used to describe a system of studying nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior
Gestures
pointing, waving, holding up hands to direct people's attention, indicates that we want to be recognized
Illustrators
signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal messages (eg showing how big something is with your hands)
Emblems
gestures we use that stand for specific verbal meaning (raising hand in class)
Adaptors
gestures we use to manage our emotions (nervous gestures, tapping pencil)
Regulators
control conversations (holding finger up to mean one second)
Posture
immediacy and relaxation
Immediacy
how close or involved people appear to be with each other
Relaxation
degree of tension in one's body
Paralinguistics
all aspects of language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress
Voice Qualities
include speed, pitch, rhythm, vocal range, and articulation
Vocalizations
the sounds we utter that do not have the structure of language
Chronemics
the study of the way people use time as a message (punctuality and the amount of time spent together)
Proxemics
the study of how people use spacial cues; including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships to communicate
Monochronically
engaging in one task behavior at a time
Polychronically
engaging in multiple activities simultaneously
Intimate Distance
(0-18 in) the space used when interacting with those with whom one is very close
Personal Distance
(18 in-4 ft) the space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances
Social Distance
(4 - 12ft) the distance most U.S. Americans use when they interact with unfamiliar others
Public Distance
(12 - 25 ft) the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances
Haptics
the study of the communicative function of touch
Professional Touch
type of touch used by certain workers as part of their livelihood, aka functional touch (least intimate)
Social-Polite Touch
part of daily interaction in the US; more intimate but still impersonal (shake hands)
Friendship Touch
touch that is more intimate than social touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness, and caring
Love-Intimate Touch
the touch most often used with one's romantic partners and family
Demand Touch
type of touch to establish dominance and power, increases in hierarchal settings, touchers typically have higher status and more control over encounters than do receivers
Artifacts
the clothing an other accessories an individual chooses