Many drugs that reach the developing fetus or embryo can cause death or congenital defects. Which of the following are examples of congenital defects?
a) Heart defects
b) Skeletal and limb abnormalities
c) Central nervous system alterations
d) Birth at 40
� Skeletal and limb abnormalities
� Central nervous system alterations
� Heart defects
A patient is being seen in the emergency department for a sprained ankle and is given a drug to relieve pain. When a second dose of the pain medication is given, the patient develops redness of the skin, itching, and swelling at the site of injection of t
an allergic response.
The nurse would assess a client receiving which medication for possible superinfection?
a) Antihypertensives
b) Antihistamines
c) Antineoplastics
d) Antibiotics
Antibiotics
A client is receiving a drug to lower his blood glucose level. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that his blood glucose level was too low?
a) Increased urination
b) Fruity breath odor
c) Cold, clammy skin
d) Increased hunger
Cold, clammy skin
A patient comes to the clinic complaining of a vaginal discharge with itching. Which statement would alert the nurse to the possibility that the patient's complaints are related to a superinfection?
a) "I have been taking a water pill that the doctor pres
My dentist gave me a prescription for an antibiotic to treat a tooth abscess.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary action?
a) Anticoagulant that leads to excessive and spontaneous bleeding
b) Urinary retention develops in a client with an enlarged prostate who is taking an anticholinergic
c) Dizziness and weakness wi
An antihistamine causes the client to experience drowsiness
Mrs. Smith has a 12-year history of ETOH abuse. She is injured in a motor vehicle accident and requires surgery with general anesthesia. What would the nurse expect for this client?
a) A larger-than-normal dose of the general anesthetic
b) No general anes
A larger-than-normal dose of the general anesthetic
Many drugs that reach the developing fetus or embryo can cause death or congenital defects. Which of the following are examples of congenital defects?
a) Central nervous system alterations
b) Skeletal and limb abnormalities
c) Heart defects
d) Birth at 40
Central nervous system alterations
� Skeletal and limb abnormalities
� Heart defects
A patient comes to the clinic complaining of a ringing sound in the ears and dizziness. When the nurse takes the patient's history, she discovers that the patient has been taking several ibuprofen every day for various discomforts. What does the nurse und
Ototoxicity from the ibuprofen
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which of the following will alert the nurse that the patient may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?
a) Ringing noise in the ears
b) Visual disturbances
c) Yel
A decrease in urine output
Mr. Grey is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is prescribed a statin by his physician. As part of his education plan, the nurse should teach Mr. Grey to avoid what food?
a) Cheese
b) Chicken
c) Grapefruit
d) Corn
GRAPEFRUIT
A patient taking a beta blocker for hypertension tells the nurse that he will no longer take the medication because it is causing an inability for him to maintain an erection. What is the best explanation to the patient by the nurse?
a) "This is a toxic r
This is an expected adverse effect of the medication, but it is very important that you continue to take it. We can talk about other methods for sexual expression.
One of the most common occurrences in drug therapy is the development of adverse effects from simple overdose. In such cases, the patient suffers from effects that are merely an extension of the desired effect. Which of the following are examples of this
� Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant
� Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive
A patient is experiencing drowsiness after taking an antihistamine. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
a) Hypersensitivity
b) Drug allergy
c) Secondary action
d) Primary action
Secondary action
After teaching a group of students about the toxic effects of a drug, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following?
a) Most drugs are fairly harmless if they are used as prescribed.
b) The effec
Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.
An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which of the following would the instructor expect to include?
a) Many drugs are potentially harmless if used correctly.
b) Any effect results from the alteration of several che
Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.
A patient develops a serum sickness reaction. Which of the following would the nurse expect to do?
a) Administer prescribed epinephrine subcutaneously
b) Administer topical corticosteroids
c) Encourage the use of a Medic-alert identification
d) Discontinu
Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered
A drug allergy occurs when the body forms antibodies to a particular drug, resulting in an immune response when the person is re-exposed to the drug. Which of the following symptoms are indicators that the patient is having an anaphylactic reaction? Choos
Difficulty breathing
� Hives
� Panicked feeling
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client receiving drug therapy. Which of the following would the nurse suspect if the results reveal an elevation in the blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine concentration?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Hype
Renal injury
Mrs. Adams is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and prescribed the drug Coumadin. The nurse would instruct her to avoid what food?
a) Foods with vitamin K
b) Foods with vitamin C
c) Foods with vitamin B
d) Foods with niacin
Foods with vitamin K
Rina is four months pregnant. She works in the chemical unit of a research department and is responsible for handling various chemicals. Her gynecologist advised her not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs. What is the re
Exposure to industrial vapors could damage the immature nervous system of the fetus.
An 85-year-old patient has a creatinine level of 25. When the patient is administered a medication, he/she is at risk for which of the following medication-related effects?
a) Therapeutic effect
b) Toxicity
c) Delayed gastric emptying
d) Increased absorpt
Toxicity
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for adverse effects from drug therapy?
a) A 32-year-old patient who has been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia
b) A 76-year-old patient taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, coronary arter
A 76-year-old patient taking medications for diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hypothyroidism
A client develops a cytotoxic reaction to a drug. Which of the following would the nurse expect to do?
a) Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered
b) Administer prescribed epinephrine subcutaneously
c) Administer antipyretics as ordered
d) Encourage th
Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered
A patient is on antibiotic therapy for an axillary abscess. The patient has been outside working in the yard and obverses a rash everywhere that is not covered by clothing. What should the patient be told about this finding?
a) This is a normal reaction f
The patient is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays.
The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?
a) Route of administration
b) Protocols
Adverse effects
Organ and tissue damage is one adverse reaction caused by drugs. Which of the following are examples of such organ and tissue damage? Choose all that apply.
a) Bone marrow suppression
b) Inflammation of the mucous membranes
c) Rash and hives
d) Poisoning
� Bone marrow suppression
� Inflammation of the mucous membranes
� Rash and hives
A patient receiving drug therapy develops numbness and tingling in the extremities and muscle cramps. The nurse would suspect which of the following?
a) Neurologic dysfunction
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Renal injury
Hypokalemia
drugs can produce a wide variety of effects in addition to the desired pharmacological effect. Sometimes the drug dose can be adjusted so that the desired effect is achieved without producing undesired secondary reactions. Which of the following are examp
� Complaints of drowsiness after taking an diphenyhydramine (Benadryl)
� Diarrhea after taking cefuroxime (Ceftin)
A patient is experiencing central nervous system effects related to drug therapy. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to emphasize in the teaching plan?
a) Need for follow up blood tests
b) Proper use of insulin
c) Safety measures
Safety measures
Some patients are excessively responsive to either the primary or secondary effects of a drug. This is known as hypersensitivity, and it may result from a pathological or underlying condition. Which of the following is an example of hypersensitivity? Choo
� A patient with kidney problems who may not be able to excrete the drug, which may accumulate in the body, resulting in toxicity
� A patient with an enlarged prostate who takes an anticholinergic drug and may develop urinary retention or even bladder par
Many drugs that reach the developing fetus or embryo can cause death or congenital defects, which can include skeletal and limb abnormalities, central nervous system alterations, heart defects, and the like. What is the name of the adverse reaction that c
� Teratogenicity
When instructing a client who is taking an antibiotic about the possibility of nausea and diarrhea, the nurse understands that these effects are examples of which of the following?
a) Hypersensitivity
b) Secondary actions
c) Drug allergy
d) Primary action
Secondary actions