ARTH Vocab Exam 2

Ambulatory

A covered walkways, outdoors (as in a church cloister) or indoors; especially the passageway around the apse and the choir of a church. In Buddhist architecture, the passageway leading around the stupa in a chaitya hall.

Apse

A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church.

Atrium

The central reception room of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky. Also the open, colonnaded court in front of and attached to Christian basilica.

Basilican church plan

In Christian architure, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end and with an apse at the other.

Catacomb

Subterranean networks of rock-cut galleries and chambers designed as cemeteries for the burial of the dead.

Central plan churches (shapes, uses)

The parts of the structure are of equal or almost equal dimensions around the center.

Classicism/ Classicizing

The art and culture of ancient Greece between 480 and 323 BCE. Lowercase classical refers more generally to Greco-Roman art and culture.

Edict of Milan

issued by Constantine in 313, ended the "great persecution" and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire

Good Shepherd

Most common depiction of Jesus in the first centuries of Christianity. used to show Jesus' guidance for Christians and his love for those who follow him. At first, Jesus was viewed as a humble shepherd by the early Christians, but as the church gained wea

Nave

The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.

Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

Hagia and Sophia Istanbul 532-537

Justinian and Theodora

Eastern Roman Empire (later named as Byzantine Empire) partners and rulers that attempted to reunite the empire by waging war against barbarians in the west. They wanted to return the Empire to that during the time of Augustan period. Created the Justinia

Pendentive

A concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square area to the circular base of a covering dome. Although pendentives appear to be hanging (pendant) from the dome, they in fact support it.

Deesis

Greek, "supplication." An image of Christ flanked by the figures of the Virgin Mary and Saint John the Baptist, who intercede on behalf of humankind.

Icon, Iconoclasm

Iron: A portrait or image; especially in Byzantine churches, a panel with a painting of sacred personages that are objects of veneration. In the visual arts, a painting, a piece of sculpture, or even a building regarded as an object of veneration.
Iconocl

Pantocrator

Greek, "ruler of all." Christ as ruler and judge of heaven and earth.

Squinch

An architectural device used as a transition from a square to a polygonal or circular base for a dome. It may be composed of lintels, corbels, or arches.

Mihrab

A semicircular niche set into the qibla wall of a mosque.

Muhammad

Founder of Islam, considered the greatest prophet in Islam

Carolingian

(adj) Pertaining to the empire of Charlemagne (Latin, "Carolus Magnus") and his successors.

Charlemagne

King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. (250)

Codex

(pl. codices) Sperate pages of vellum or parchment bound together at one side; the predecessor of the modern book. The codex superseded the rotulus. In Mesoamerica, a painted and inscribed book on long sheets of bark paper or deerskin coated with fine whi

Dynamic Animal Interlace style

...

Manuscript

n. a book or other document written by hand; an author's original copy of a document submitted for publication

Monastery, Monasticism

Monastery: A group of buildings in which monks live together, set apart from the secular community of a town.
Monastic order: An organization of monks living according to the same rules, for example, the Benedictine, Franciscan, Dominican orders.

Parchment

Lambskin prepared as a surface for painting or writing.

Westwork

German, "western entrance structure." The facade and towers at the western end of a medieval church, principally in Germany. In contemporary, documents the westwork is called a castellum (Latin, "castle" or "fortress") or turris ("tower").

Bernard of Clairvaux

Emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with God; successfully challenged Abelard and had him driven from universities
, Abbot of Cistercian monastery he founded, believed true knowledge of God is love of God

Crusades

In medieval Europe, armed pilgrimages aimed at recapturing the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Gallery

narrow recessed balcony area along an upper floor on the interior of a building

Gislebertus

ROMANESQUE -artist responsible for the "Tympanum of Autin Cathderal" Subject-last judgment
, sculptor of the Last Judgement, who inscribed his name on the tympanum in the hope that people would pray for his salvation

Hildegard of Bingen

Abbess of a religious house in Western Germany; one of first important women composesrs and contributor to Gregorian chant; had visions and was mystic and prophet to kings, popes, emperors, priests

Pilgrimage, Pilgrimage church plan (parts and their purposes)

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.

Radiating chapels

In medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto ambulatory and the transept.

Transept

The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle.

Trumeau

In church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorway.

Tympanum

(pl. tympana) the space enclosed by a lintel and an arch over a doorway.

Court Style/ Royonnant Style

Pro/ Court: Boneless, little to no Calligraphy, Verrisimilitude(realism), Descriptive rather than metaphorical Lit: Ink, paper Metaphorical "Zhua" (intentional awkwardness), all bones, much calligraphy

Flying Buttress

An exterior masonry structure that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or a vault. A pier buttress is a solid mass of masonry. A flying buttress consists typically of an inclined member carried on an arch or a series of arches and a solid buttress to wh

Jambs

In architecture, the side posts of a doorway.

Ogive (pointed) arch

(adj. ogival) The diagonal rib of a Gothic vault; a pointed, or Gothic, arch.

Jean Pucelle

Vellum

Relic, Reliquary

Relics: The body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure, such as the Buddha or Christ or a Christian saint.
Reliquary: A container for holding relics.

Rose window

A large round window on the west fa�ade or transept, containing tracery that became more elaborate as the Gothic era progressed

Scholastics, Scholasticism

The Gothic school of philosophy in which scholars applied Aristotle's system of rational inquiry to the interpretation of religious belief.

Abbott Suger

Developed the idea of Gothic architecture; first used it on St. Denis.

Tracery

Ornamental stonework for holding stained glass in place, characteristic of Gothic cathedrals. In plate tracery, the glass fills only the "punched holes" in the heavy ornamental stonework. In bar tracery, the stained-glass windows fill almost entire openin

Triforium

In a Gothic cathedral, the blind arcaded gallery below the clerestory; occassionally, the arcades are filled with stained glass.