Value
Relative degree of light or darkness of a surface or color
Value Scale in Grey
To create shades of grey artists mixed various amounts of black and white, this is called achromatic grey. Grey that is created using black and white.
Artists are also able to create greys from colors and it is called chromatic grey. - As we moved towards
Value contrast
The degree of difference between shades of grey.
- Images with the high contrast is easier to perceived. High contrast is the top and bottom of the value scale.
Value Patterns
describe the variation in light and dark within a work of art and the ways they are arranged within a composition
Chiaroscuro (technique)
value pattern defined by a gradual progression of light to dark.
Reached its peak during the renaissance artists such as Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Raphael Mimics the effect of candle light and theater light.
Tenebrism (technique)
value pattern that is defined by abrupt and dramatic juxtaposition of light to dark.
Mimic the effect of a spotlight. In design and architecture, Tenebrism could bring interesting decorative element.
Color
fundamental to convey our perception and mood.
Visible Spectrum
an array of color that can be perceived with the naked eye.
Color Wheel
a method of organizing color relationship. The guy responsible for this is Herbert Ives.
Primary Color
Red, Blue, Yellow.
Secondary Color
Orange, Green, and Violet
Tertiary Color
Red Orange, Yellow Orange, Red Violet, Blue Violet, Blue Green,Yellow Green.
Warm color
high key value range
Cool color
low key value range
Physical property
wavelengths, light absorption, and reflection is the physical property of color. It could be measured by scientific instrument.
Perceptual property
based on the interactivity of light receptors in our eyes. Three key perceptual property of color are hue, value, and intensity.
The perception of the value of color is dependent on the surrounding color.
Hue
the pure color, as it appear on color wheel
Noticed that black and white is not included in the color wheel. Because black and white is not visible on the color spectrum . They are considered to be neutral color.
Value
Refers to darkness and lightness of a hue. The value of hue can be altered by adding black or white to the hue. When artist add black to the hue we call this shades, the opposite to this is tints (adding white). When artists are using grey to mix hue, the
Intensity and Saturation is the brightness or dullness of a color
Color is more saturated when it is the purest, when it is not added with white or black.
Color Schemes
Planned combination of color
Monochromatic
A rage of tint and shade on a single hue
Analogous
colors adjacent to color wheel and more similar to one another. - Complimentary: color that a opposite of each other on the color wheel
Local color
Color that are associated with the natural appearance of things. The sky is blue, the grass is green, etc. (Example of local color, optical color and arbitrary color)
Optical color
color that we see, however artists often time create the illusion of shadows and light by using tints and hues that might not necessarily appear in the natural appearance of things.
Arbitrary color
Does not accurately reflect the visibility of things (when artist painted the sky red, instead of blue for instance)
- Colors are used as a visual language. In many culture color represents social class. Blue for example is the color of royalty. Red repre
Color
A specific wavelength of light seen through the eye and interpreted in the brain.
Hue
Color in its pure form
Color Value
The lightness or darkness of a color.
Tint
A hue mixed with white
Shade
A hue mixed with black
Saturation
The level of purity of a color, also called intensity. Pure hues have higher saturation than mixed color
Tone
A hue mixed with grey
Color Temperature
The relative warmth or coldness of a color
Tertiary Hue
As a result of mixing primary and secondary hues together
Color Wheel
A visual representation of color relationship
Analogous Hues
Hues that have a common hue and are located next to each other on the color wheel
Complementary Hues
A pair of hues that are opposite of each other on the color wheel.
Simultaneous Contrast
The way colors interact with and react to each other.
Color Interaction
Perceived shifts in color caused by color relationship.
Complimentary effect
Our eyes like to balance out color by seeing complements.
Hue Subtraction
Dominant colors are subtracted from less dominant colors to create more contrast/balance.
Translucent
Allow light and color to pass through when layered over another color
Opaque
Unable to see through layered colors
Color Scheme
Hue combinations used in an image to create color harmony
Simple Color Scheme
Scheme based on neutral ones
Achromatic/ Neutral Scheme
Use only achromatic (black, white, grey)
Monochromatic Scheme
Use variations on a single hue
Analogous Scheme
A color scheme that uses a group of related color
Contrasting Color Scheme
Color scheme based on two colors from different segments of the color wheel
Complementary Scheme
Color scheme based on opposite pair of colors
Split Complimentary Scheme
Color scheme based on three hues
Gestalt Theory
The idea that the whole is greater than individual. In terms of art this is also means the whole composition is greater than individual elements within that composition.
Law of Closure
Our brain fill in missing information to make a connection and find relationships.
Economy
Using minimal amount of visual elements in a composition. The idea that "less is more
Proportion
The relationship of one visual element to every other elements in a composition.
Color Dominance
A color hue, value, or saturation stands out as the most emphasized, noticeable color in a composition.
Bezold Effect
The effect when altering the dominant color in an image changes the perception of all other colors in the composition.
Typography
The process of arranging type into its most appealing state both in terms of legibility and design.
Movable Type
Independent letter forms that can be moved, rearranged, and reused to create text.
Typeface/Font
A specific design/style of type.
Serif
Is a small projection at the end of a letter stroke.
Pattern Layout
The arrangement of motif in a pattern.