Tomb Tower
Muqarnas
a form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, stalactite or honeycomb decoration
Muqarnas dome
Inscription zone
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Epigraphy
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing
Minbar
A minbar is a pulpit in the mosque where the imam stands to deliver sermons or in the Hussainia where the speaker sits and lectures the congregation
Spolia
using old materials for new construction
Voussoirs
a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch
Tile Mosaic
Horror vacui
istaste for leaving undecorated fields of space
Aniconic
Aniconism is the absence of material representations of the natural and supernatural world in various cultures
Arabesque
The arabesque is a form of artistic decoration consisting of "surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils
Arcade/ pier arcade
round arch
Keel arch ( pointed)
pointed arch
Horseshoe arch (Cordoba)
Calligraphy (muhaqqaq,kufic)
handwriting
Surahs
a term for a chapter of the Qur'an
Hypostyle mosque
a roof supported by multiple pillars
Four-iwan mosque
vaulted rectangular recesses opening onto a courtyard
Centrally planned mosque: Hagia Sophia
Chevrons, rosettes (Palace of Mshatta)
flowers
Circumambulation
walking around a temple or holy site
Mosque
prayer hall
Mihrab
niche marking the direction of prayer,
Madrasa
theological school
Qibla
mosque wall facing Mecca
Merlon
cresting ornament on roofline
Maqsura
bay of space in front of mihrab in some mosques like Cordoba, used by a ruler for purposes of protection and status
Minaret
a slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
Tile work mosaic
pieces of glazed ceramic tile fit into patterns
Spandrel
shoulder of an arch
Squelch
a bridge-like element converting a square to an octagon
stucco work
ornamental plasterwork ( carved)
Kaaba
meteoritic stone in Mecca, a building at the center of Islam's most sacred mosque
Fa�ade
the principal front of a building, that faces on to a street or open space
Ablution fountain
An ablution fountain is typically located in the center of a mosque's courtyard. is where Muslims perform a ritual washing before entering the mosque
Roman Arch order
doric ionic corinthian