What was the "Salon," and why was it important to 19th century European painters?
-was the state-sponsored exhibition of paintings -acceptance was the mark of an artist's success
-artists would submit their work for consideration by an official jury
In what ways does Ingres represent Academic ideals?
believed that the great art could only be made from great subject matter, and the greatest subject matter of all was history. He also had a highly detailed and polished style. His beliefs became what is known as academic art.
According to your book, what were the goals of the formal European Academies?
To maintain official standards of skill and taste by perpetuating models of greatness from the past.
What subject matter did the Academies deem most important?
Humans, History, Literally Work
How did the Impressionists break with Academic traditions?
*subjects= everyday life things
* freq. depicted modern urban scenes-Paris when painting landscapes
* worked outside
*broken color
*darker shades of color were seldom used
*emphasized play of natural light on object and way colors reflected
impasto
paste" in Italian, it is a thick application of paint
broken color
paint is applied in short thick strokes usually in sketch like form
alla prima
all at once" completing a painting in a single session ex; Morisot--"Girl Arranging Her Hair
Least Important subject matter of Academies
Genre, Still Life, Landscapes
When describing the formal elements of a work, what does "value" mean?
varying degrees of light and dark; the lighter=higher value; the darker=lower value
For two-dimensional art, what does "modeling" mean?
simulating the effects of light and shadow to portray optically convincing masses
Primary Colors
red, yellow, blue
Secondary Colors
violet, orange , green
hue
name of the color
tint
result of adding white to a color
shade
result of adding black to a color
intensity/saturation
purity of the color
What aspect of color does saturation describe?
its value how light/how dark
which hue has the highest value
yellow
which hue has the lowest value
blue violet
Are black and white colors? Why or why not?
No, white= absence of color
black= all pigments mixed together
By what characteristics could you identify Kathe Kollwitz's mature works? Why is she considered an Expressionist?
her medium is black and white, works are dark (due to time period she lived through)
-Expressionist bc she wanted to convey her emotions through her artwork
chiaroscuro
the technique of using values to record light and shadow, esp. as they provide info about three dim. form
hatching
closely spaced parallel lines that mix optically to suggest values; linear technique for modeling forms
cross-hatching
layers of hatching superimposed to achieve darker values; with each new layer set at angle to the ones beneath
contour hatching
A meaning of shading and modeling by following the shape of the form with parallel lines.
strippling
pattern of closely spaced dots or small marks used to create a sense of three-dim. on flat surface
local color
The identifying color perceived in ordinary daylight.
grisaille
painting executed entirely in gray scale values, often as foundation for colored glazes
what is meant by limited or restricted palettes
limited options for color
diff. b/w a monochromatic and analogous color scheme
Monochromatic- one color -Analogous- 2 colors- eliminating one primary color- controlling the color and making it unified
warm colors
red, oranges, yellows
cool colors
blues, greens, purples
what did the public find offensive about Manet's 'luncheon on the grass'
The nude woman looks right at you and she is known Prostitute in London.
from what source did the name "impressionism" come
manet's painting
how did impressionists break with academic traditions
The impressionists use blobs of color and very little detail, the academic traditions uses a lot of detail.
distinguish b/w monet & manet. how did their work differ
Manet- He is not an impressionist because uses details in his painting
Monet- He is an Impressionist, meaning he uses blobs of color and no detail
simultaneous contrast
the perceptual phenomenon where by complementary colors appear most brilliant when set side by side.
how do you identify complementary color pairs
they sit across from each other on the color wheel
what are complementary colors of each of the primary hues
Red - Green, yellow - purple, Blue - orange
what happens when you mix complementary colors together
complimentaries react with each other more vividly than with other colors. Areas of complementary color placed next to or near each other make both hues appear more intense.
what is meant by "expressionism
express emotion, when a person looks at the work they will understand and feel the emotion
which of the artists we discuss can be described as "expressionist
vincent van gogh
what's the difference between impressionism and expressionism
impressionism: In subject matter, it followed the realism in portraying daily life, especially the leisure activities of the middle class. They favored alla prima painting, landscapes and outdoors.
expressionism: claimed the right to distort visual appear
who was the first expressionist
Vincent Van Gogh
what nationality was vincent van gogh
dutch
what effect did the impressionists work in paris have on van gogh's painting
he began to use lighter colors such as reds, oranges, greens, and light blues
what is meant by the term optical color mixing
When small patches of different colors are close together the eye may blend them to produce a new color.
what did seurat call his experiments in optical color mixing
pointillism
what contemporary american painter also applies the principles of optical color mixing in his work
chuck close
what characteristics distinguish gauguin's works
his experimental use of color, he had a very diff style from the impressionists
where did gauguin create his most famous paintings
the seed of arcoi?? Tahiti
in relief printing, what part of the block prints black
un-carved part
where did printing begin
europe?? check notes
where was paper invented
china
in the fractional number at the bottom left of a limited edition print, what does the top number indicate? the bottom?
top: # of which it was printed
bottom: total # printed
matrix
design prepared before being transferred through pressure to a receiving surface
impression
individual print
edition
series of the same picture/print
registration
alignment of impressions made by two or more printing blocks on the same sheet of paper in several colors
what is the source for Durer's "four horsemen
apocalypse
pay special attention to the way Durer signs his work
A inside a D
what was the earlier name of the modern capitol of Japan
edo
post impressionists
van gogh
gauguin
seurat--optical color mixing
analogous colors
groups of 3 colors next to each other on the color wheel
impressionist art
* subjects were everyday life
* paintings depicted modern day scenes
* artist worked outdoors when painting
* paint applied in short thick strokes
* darker shades made by mixing comp. colors
* emphasized natural light on an object
* wet paint was painted