Abduction
Movement of a part away from the center of the body
Acromion process
Anatomical feature on the shoulder blade (scapula), together with the coracoid process extending laterally over the shoulder joint.
Adduction
Movement of a part toward the center of the body
Arthralgia
Pain in the Joints
Ataxia
Neurologic finding of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements
Atrophy
Wasting or shrinking of the muscle
Ballottement
Sign that indicates increased fluid in the suprapatellar pouch over the patella at the knee joint.
Bouchard node
Hard, non tender bony growths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints. A sign of osteoarthritis
Bursa
Fluid-filled sac in area of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might rub against one another.
Circumduction
Circular motion that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Contracture
Shortening of tendons, fascia, or muscles; may result from injury or prolonged positioning. Once a contracture develops, it is difficult to stretch and may require surgery.
Crepitus
Medical term to describe the grating, crackling, or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints.
Deviation
Lateral movement of the hand
Diarthortic Joint
Freely movable joint
Dorsiflexion
Bending the ankle so that the toes move toward the head
Effusion
Synovial thickening
Eversion
Sole of the foot is turned away from the other leg
Extension
movement of a joint whereby one part of the body is moved away from another. Increases the angle to a straight line to 0 degrees
Fascia
Flat sheets that line and protect the muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone or brings bones together
Flexion
Maneuver that decreases the angle between bones or brings bones together
Goniometer
Scale used for measuring the angle at which a joint can flex or extend.
Heberden nodes
Hard, nontender bony growths on the distal intraphalangeal joint.
Hyperextension
extension beyond the neutral position
Inversion
Turning of a structure toward the opposite
Kyphosis
Forward bending of the upper thoracic spine; may accompany osteoporosis, ankylosing spondylosis, and paget disease
Lordosis
increased lumbar curvature
Meniscus
cartilage disc between bones to absorb shock and cushion joints
Myalgia
Muscle Pain
myositis
inflammation of muscle
Olecranon process
Structure centered between the medial and the lateral epicondyles of the humerus.
opposition
moving the thumb to touch the little finger
Plantar flexion
Pointing the toes downward toward the ground
Polydactyly
congenital anomaly in which humans have supernumerary fingers or toes
Pronation
Turning a structure to face downward
Protrusion
Pushing a stricture forward
Radiocarpal joint
wrist joint
Retraction
Returning a structure to neutral posiition
Rotation
Turning of a joint around a longitudical axis
Scoliometer
Measuring device that may be used to obtain a measurement of the number of degrees that the spine is deviated in scoliosis.
Scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
Subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
Supination
Turning a structure to face upward
Syndactyly
Condition where two or more digits are fused together