Shock
hypoperfusion
refers to a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system, results in adequate flow of blood to body's cells, creates an excess of cellular nutrients
Perfusion
sufficient circulation to meet cell needs
Sphincters
regulate blood flow in capillaries
Autonomic Nervous System
regulates involuntary body functions
Blood Pressure
provides a rough measure of perfusion
Anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction
Septic Shock
severe bacterial infection
Syncope
fainting
Compensated Shock
early stage of shock
Blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by:
the capillary sphincters.
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as:
sweating, digestion, constriction and dilation of capillary sphincters
Regulation of blood flow is determined by:
cellular need.
Perfusion requires having a working cardiovascular system as well as:
adequate oxygen exhange in the lungs, adequate nutrients in the form of glucose in the blood, adequate waste removal
The action of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates ____ pressure in the system and as a result, perfusion of all vital organs.
an increase in heart rate, an increase in the strength of cardiac contractions, vasoconstriction in nonessential areas
Basic causes of shock include:
poor pump function, blood or fluid loss, blood vessel dilation
Noncardiovascular causes of shock include respiratory insufficiency and:
anaphylaxis
_____ develops when the heart muscle can no longer generate enough pressure to circulate the blood to all organs.
cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock usually results from damage to the spinal cord at the
cervical level
In septic shock:
there is an insufficient volume of fluid in the container, the fluid that has leaked out often collects in the respiratory system, larger than normal vascular bed to contain the smaller than normal volume of intravascular fluid
Neurogenic shock is caused by
a radical change in the size of the vascular system
Hypovolemic shock is the result of
low volume
An insufficient concentration of _____ in the blood can produce shock as rapidly as vascular causes.
oxygen
In anaphylactic shock, the combination of poor oxygenation and poor perfusion is a result of:
widespread vasodilation
You should suspect shock in:
multiple severe fractures, severe infection, abdominal or chest injury
When treating a suspected shock patient, vital signs should be recorded approximately every ____ minutes
5
The Golden Period refers to the first 60 minutes after
the injury occurs
Signs of cardiogenic shock:
cyanosis, nausea, anxiety
____ is a sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces temporary vascular dilation and fainting.
psychogenic shock
____ refers to the failure of the cardiovascular system.
Shock
Pressure in the arteries during cardiac _____ is known as systolic pressure.
contraction
The body responds to shock by directing blood flow away from the organs that are more _____ of low flow.
tolerant
The cardiovascular system consists of the ____, _____, and ___.
heart, blood vessels/arteries, blood
Inadequate circulation that does not meet the body's needs is known as _____.
shock
_____ are circular muscle walls in capillaires, causing the walls to ____ and ____.
Sphincters, constrict, contract
____ pressure occurs during cardiac relaxation, while ____ pressure occurs during cardiac contractions.
Diastolic, systolic
____ pressure is the pressure in the blood vessels at all times.
Blood
The autonomic nervous system controls the ____ actions of the body.
involuntary
List the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of anaphylactic shock.
extreme life threatening allergic reaction;
mild itching/rash, burning skin, vascular dilation;
manage airway, determine cause, assist with epinephrine
List the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of cardiogenic shock.
inadequate heart function, disease of muscle tissue, impaired electrical system;
chest pain, irregular pulse, weak pulse, low blood pressure, cyanosis, anxiety;
position comfortably, administer oxygen, assist ventilation, transport
List the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of hypovolemic shock.
loss of blood/fluid;
rapid/weak pulse, low blood pressure, change in mental status;
secure airway, assertive ventilation, high flow oxygen
List the three basic physiologic causes of shock.
pump failure, low fluid volume, blood vessels can dilate
In a scene size up for a patient(s) who you think may be in shock, you should:
ensure scene safety
determine the number of patients
consider cervical spine stabilization
During the primary assessment of a patient in shock, you should:
treat any immediate life threats
You have completed your primary assessment of an embarrassed patient who fainted after seeing a coworker inure himself. Your next step should be:
to obtain a medical history
Interventions for the treatment of shock should include:
maintaining normal body temperature
You are transporting an unstable patient who you feel is going into shock. How often do you recheck his vital signs?
Every 5 minutes