A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. As such, you realize:
a. ventilation with a bag-valve mask will require more effort.
Failure of the sodium potassium pump can result in:
d. cellular damage, swelling, and rupture.
When the cells undergo normal metabolism, which one of the following occurs?
a. Heat, carbon dioxide, and water are produced.
For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require:
b. oxygen and glucose.
The cells of a patient with a tremendous amount of fluid in her lungs are in anerobic metabolism. She has a decreased level of consciousness with a patent airway and inadequate respirations. Her pulse is rapid and weak. Which one of the following prehospi
c. Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen.
A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thus lowering his blood pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting the:
b. cardiac output.
Which one of the following is the primary way in which oxygen is transported to the cells?
d. Red blood cell.
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-mililiter tidal volume breathing 16 times each minute would have a minute ventilation of how many mililiters?
c. 8000.
If a patient's blood pressure cannot be increased by adding volume, then which one of the following actions would most likely be successful in increasing it?
b. Vasoconstriction.
Which one of the following best describes the concept of afterload?
d. Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against.
A patient who is hemorrhaging internally from his colon is suffering from a decreased perfusion of the cells. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem imparing adequate perfusion would be:
d. decreased blood volume.
The EMT would document an FDO2 level when she is.
d. assisting breathing with a bag-valve mask device.
A slightly confused but conscious 61-year-old female with generalized weakness has a heart rate of 190 beats per minute. She has a history of high blood pressure and diabetes. Her blood pressure is 78/56 mmHg. Which one of the following would best explain
c. Tachycardia.
Which one of the following statements about chemoreceptors in the human body is true?
b. The peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to oxygen that carbon dioxide.
The EMT should recognize normal cellular metabolism as:
c. aerobic.
Baroreceptors function in the body by:
c. monitoring the blood pressure.
An unresponsive patient is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which one of the following interventions would be most beneficial in the treatment of this patient?
a. Positive pressure ventilation with a rate of 12 and tidal volume of 500 ml.
Which one of the following conditions would most likely account for an elevated carbon dioxide level in a patient's body?
d. Lung disease.
Which one of the following statements about the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio in a healthy person is true?
b. The upper portion of the lungs has more ventilation than blood flow.
On scene, a 43-year-old male states that he has a history of liver failure and does not produce enough of the protein albumin. Given this condition, which one of the following would you expect?
c. Swelling of the extremities and abdomen.
What is the protective mechanism underlying a narrowed pulse pressure?
c. Maintain an adequate blood pressure for profusion.
Which one of the following substances is lacking in anaerobic metabolism?
d. Oxygen.
A patient with a low blood sugar is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is labored and his pulse is rapid and weak. Examination of the skin reveals it to be cool and diaphoretic. Which one of the following actions would you perform first
d. Perform a head tilt-chin lift.
For a patient reliant on the hypoxic drive to breath, the respiratory rate will increase when:
d. oxygen levels decrease.
A young patient is experiencing epiglottis (swelling of the epiglottis). He is working hard to breath, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and pulse rapid but strong. Which one of the following conditions BEST descr
a. Partial occlusion of the airway.
Which one of the following is the primary stimulous to breath in normal human beings?
c. Level of CO2 in the body.
The body will compensate for a decrease in cardiac output by:
c. increasing systemic vascular resistance.
Which one of the following is required for a normal perfusion to occur?
c. Adequate breathing, sufficient red blood cells, good heart function.
A patient with a temperature of 105.4F is suffering from systemic vasodilation. Which one of the following findings would be consistent with this condition?
b. Decreased blood pressure.
A patient's SpO2 increased from 89% to 95% after he received a bronchodilating drug for his asthma. Where did the patient's problem most likely originate?
a. Ventilation portion of the V/Q ratio.