The EMT shows that is performing the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) correctly when he asks which one of the following questions?
How old are you?
Which one of the following statements made by the EMT indicates a correct understanding of the care of a patient suffering from a headache?
Assessment is essential in determining if a patient's headache represents a life-threatening condition.
A patient who is responsive to painful stimuli has a patent airway, inadequate respirations at 28 per minute, and a strong radial pulse with skin that is warm and dry. The patient is not moving his right arm or leg and is incontinent of urine. Which one o
Administer positive pressure ventilation.
Which one of the following questions should the EMT ask when performing the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen?
Have you ever had a seizure?
A 41-year-old female has called 911 for a headache. Which one of the following assessment findings should make the EMT suspicious that the patient is suffering from a vascular headache?
The patient has pain throughout her entire head.
Which statement shows that the EMT has an accurate understanding of altered mental status?
It describes any change away from a normal state of mental function.
You are getting the past medical history of a patient who suffered the sudden onset of right-side weakness. Which one of the following statements made by the patient should you recognize as increasing the patient's risk of stroke?
I have an irregular heartbeat.
A patient is unable to talk. You should document this as:
aphasia.
The EMT shows that he recognizes the benefit of using the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale and/or Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen when he makes which one of the following statements?
They help to identify stroke, even when it is not the patient's chief complaint.
You have determined an alert patient to have garbled speech and weakness to the right arm and leg. The patient also has a history of heart problems and diabetes. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
Check the patient's blood glucose level (if local protocol allows).
For the stroke patient to be eligible for a fibrinolytic, it must be given within:
3 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms.
You are by the side of a 46-year-old male dialysis patient with end-stage renal failure. He was found by a family member on his living room recliner, unresponsive with snoring respirations. Which one of the following should you do first?
Perform a head tilt-chin lift.
Your patient is a 78-year-old male who was found lying on his bathroom floor. Emergency Medical Responders report that the patient is unresponsive with unequal pupils, and vital signs are as follows: pulse 78, respirations 20 and snoring, blood pressure 2
Ensure an open airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver.
A male patient suffered the sudden onset of inability to talk and right-side weakness. Currently he is responsive to verbal stimuli and has the following vital signs: pulse 88, respirations 14 and adequate, and blood pressure 210/80. For transporting this
Left lateral recumbent
A patient has an altered mental status accompanied by loss of motor function on one side of the body. Which one of the following conditions is most likely to cause this presentation?
Stroke
Which one of the following is the best order for assessing a patient suspected of having a stroke?
Primary assessment, facial droop, arm drift
Your patient is a middle-aged male who collapsed while shopping and now responds to verbal stimuli with confused speech. His pulse is 96, respirations 16, blood pressure 158/88, SpO2 at 96%, blood glucose level 80 mg/dl. Which one of the following should
Apply supplemental oxygen.
Which one of the following statements made by the patient suggests that he is suffering from a tension headache?
The pain seems to get worse as the day goes on.
Your patient is unresponsive. Which piece of information given to you by the patient's family is most important to the EMT in relation to a possible stroke?
We noticed him acting oddly about 7 p.m.
When assessing a patient for a facial droop, the EMT should:
ask the patient to show you his teeth or smile.
You have assessed a patient and found a patent airway, adequate breathing, and strong radial pulses. She is having no difficulty speaking and no facial droop, but exhibits a slight left arm drift. The EMT should interpret these findings as:
highly suggestive that a stroke is occurring.
When transporting an alert but nonverbal stroke patient with a blood pressure of 210/110 mmHg, the EMT should:
explain everything that is happening or being done.
You have been called for a 63-year-old woman with slurred speech and right-arm weakness. On arrival, the patient informs you that the slurred speech and weakness have resolved. Since your assessment reveals no deficits, the patient insists on signing a re
You really need to be evaluated in the hospital. You are at significant risk for a future stroke.
Assessment of a patient reveals him to be responsive to verbal stimuli with garbled speech. Which one of the following statements made by the patient's wife suggests that the patient's problem may be toxic-metabolic?
He has bad kidneys.
You are called for a 69-year-old male with altered mental status. Assessment reveals him to be confused and have left-sided weakness. During transport, you note that the patient is now completely oriented and the weakness has resolved. What condition shou
Transient ischemic attack
When a patient smiles, the left side of the face shows significantly less movement than the right side of the face. The EMT should describe this as:
left-side facial droop.
You have been called to the house of a young adult male who is unresponsive. The man lives by himself so no family is present. In trying to determine the cause of the patient's altered mental status, which one of the following would provide the best infor
Medication containers
According to the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, which one of the following should be assessed?
Facial droop
Which patient would be most eligible to receive a fibrinolytic medication for stroke if no other contraindications are found?
48-year-old male whose symptoms started while watching the 6 p.m. news at which time he dialed 911
Which one of the following conditions is a neurologic deficit?
Paralysis
Which one of the following instructions to a possible stroke patient indicates proper assessment for an arm drift?
Close your eyes and hold your arms straight out.
A 82-year-old male presents with right-hand weakness and garbled speech. Which one of the following questions should the EMT ask first?
What time did these signs start?
Your 56-year-old patient is in bed and unable to speak. Family members state that he has had a previous stroke and has been bedridden since, but has always been able to talk, until a few hours ago when his speech became garbled. They also state that the l
Transport without delay.
While you are doing a public awareness class about stroke, a participant asks you if all stroke patients are paralyzed on one side of their bodies. What is your reply?
No. Some stroke patients may have only slight weakness to one side of their bodies.
Bystanders state that a 72-year-old woman complained of chest pain and dizziness just before she fell down a flight of stairs. She is alert but confused and states that she feels nauseated and may vomit. How should the EMT position this patient for transp
Fully immobilized to a long spine board
When performing a secondary assessment of a patient who is confused and combative, which one of the following findings should be of most concern to the EMT?
Pulse of 164 beats per minute
When using a stroke scale to assess a patient for abnormal speech, the EMT should:
ask the patient to repeat a common phrase.
Your patient is responsive to verbal stimuli but cannot move his left arm or leg. You suspect she is having a stroke. What is the best transport position for her?
Left lateral recumbent position
When assessing a patient with a possible stroke, what is the priority of care?
Recognizing the signs of a stroke
A patient with a headache informs you that his physician has diagnosed him with cluster headaches. He states that the pain feels just like the last cluster headache that he suffered. The primary assessment reveals no life threats. Her vital signs are: pul
Administer oxygen at two liters per minute through a nasal cannula.
Assessment reveals a drooling 48-year-old male to have gurgling speech and left-arm paralysis. Which one of the following should be the EMT's priority?
Suction the airway.
When attempting to distinguish a spinal injury from a stroke, the EMT should remember that:
stroke typically results in weakness or paralysis to one side of the body.
The EMT shows she understands a hemorrhagic stroke when she states:
It occurs when a blood vessel ruptures in the brain.
You have been called to a long-term care facility for a 77-year-old female who was found unresponsive in her wheelchair by staff. The nurse reports that the patient complained of a headache earlier in the day and was given 600 mg of Motrin. Your assessmen
Start positive pressure ventilation.
Patients with an altered mental status due to a stroke may not be able to control their own airways due to:
paralyzed throat muscles.
You have been called for a patient who suddenly became confused. Which one of the following assessment findings should concern you most?
Heart rate of 180 but regular
The signs and symptoms of a stroke may closely resemble those of what condition?
Hypoglycemia
You have been called for a 63-year-old woman with slurred speech and right-arm weakness. On arrival, the patient informs you that the slurred speech and weakness have resolved. Since your assessment reveals no deficits, the patient insists on signing a re
You really need to be evaluated in the hospital. You are at significant risk for a future stroke.
For the stroke patient to be eligible for a fibrinolytic, the patient must be brought to the hospital emergency department within how many hours of the onset of stroke symptoms?
2
Which one of the following best describes an ischemic stroke?
A blood clot obstructed a blood vessel in the brain.
Which one of the following questions is it critical that the EMT ask the family of a patient who is weak and dizzy and suspected of having a stroke?
What time did the weakness and dizziness start?
You have gathered and written down all of the medications that a confused 46-year-old male patient is taking. The patient is placed on the stretcher for transport. What should the EMT do with the medications?
Transport the medications with the patient.
An alert and oriented patient has slight right-arm weakness but exhibits no deficits to the right leg. The EMT should consider the patient a:
priority for transport to a hospital with a stroke center.
Which one of the following conditions would put the patient at most risk of an acute neurologic deficit?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
A stroke patient cannot move his left arm or leg. Based on this presentation, the EMT should strongly suspect that the stroke has occurred in what part of the nervous system?
Right side of the brain
Which one of the following statements shows an accurate understanding of assessment findings related to stroke?
If one arm is weak, a stroke should be suspected.
Which one of the following patients should be classified as suffering from status epilepticus?
57-year-old female who seized during the entire news program
While you are transporting a 41-year-old woman who is not feeling well, she seizes. The patient has no history of seizures and the seizure lasts approximately 90 seconds. After 30 seconds of being postictal and unresponsive, the woman suddenly seizes agai
Status epilepticus
You have been called to a public bus station for a behavioral emergency. On scene you find a disheveled male patient in his forties sitting up against a wall. He is confused and incontinent. Bystanders state that he suddenly began to stumble around, shout
Generalized seizure
After a lengthy response, you arrive at a home in which a 62-year-old female is still seizing. Which one of the following should you do first?
Assess the patient's airway and breathing.
When obtaining a medical history from the family of a seizure patient, which question is most important for the EMT to ask first?
Does he take his seizure medications as prescribed?
A female patient with a history of seizures had a seizure in a public area and then refused transport. As you leave, a witness to the entire event tells you that he thinks the patient is "crazy in the head" because right before she seized, she looked up t
An aura
Your patient is an 86-year-old male who has had a sudden change in mental status and is repeatedly striking a fist against his leg. When you try to get him to answer your questions, he does not respond to you. This presentation is most consistent with whi
Seizure
When an EMT performs a secondary assessment on a postictal seizure patient, which one of the following signs should be of most concern?
Laceration on the forehead
Which one of the following patient medications is most consistent with a history of seizures?
Depakote
As a general rule, a postictal patient should be placed on the stretcher and transported in what position?
Lateral recumbent
Your patient is an alert but confused 41-year-old woman who is diaphoretic and looks exhausted. She informs you that she just had a seizure, and that she has a history of seizures. Despite your urging, she refuses transport to the hospital. Which one of t
Consult with medical direction.
You are an EMT who finds an adult male on his living room floor. The scene size-up reveals a very cluttered home that smells of urine. On an end table you find a container of phenytoin (Dilantin) with the patient's name on it. When you pinch his shoulder,
Seizure
Status epilepticus is best differentiated from a generalized seizure by the:
duration of the seizure.
A 72-year-old male with a history of depressed thyroid gland function and a brain tumor is suffering from a psychomotor seizure. As you enter the room, you find him to be standing up and walking in a circle. He is awake but does not respond to your questi
Proceed with a nonemergency transport.
Which one of the following statements about seizures is true?
Simple partial seizures do not cause an alteration in mental status.
You are dispatched to a local mall and are met by bystanders who state that the patient was talking to a customer representative and "passed out." You find a 55-year-old female lying supine on the tile floor. The patient tells you that the back of her hea
Take manual in-line spinal stabilization.
You are to transport a 46-year-old patient who has had multiple seizures throughout the morning. Currently, the patient is on your stretcher and is postictal. He has a history of seizures for which he takes anti-convulsant medications. He also suffers fro
Suction machine
While you are placing a patient on the stretcher, she begins to seize. Which one of the following actions should you perform immediately?
Loosely apply the straps and raise the side rails.
A confused postictal patient answers your questions inappropriately. Based on this presentation, the EMT should understand that:
the airway is open.
You have been called for a seizure emergency. On scene you find an adult female actively seizing with bystanders attempting to restrain her. Which one of the following actions should you perform immediately?
Instruct the bystanders to release the patient.
Friends of a patient who suffered a generalized seizure are extremely worried because the patient cannot remember the seizure. You should inform them that this is a(n):
normal finding common among those who suffer this type of seizure.
You arrive on scene and find Emergency Medical Responders with a seizing patient. What question should the EMT ask first?
How long has the patient been seizing?
A 20-year-old patient is unresponsive with snoring respirations. She is in a public restroom with no family or friends with her. After addressing the airway, breathing, and circulation, you begin the secondary assessment. Which one of the following signs
Urinary incontinence
When performing a secondary assessment on a confused patient, which one of the following signs would be most suggestive of a seizure?
Bitten tongue
Which one of the following statements made by a patient who experienced a syncopal episode should concern the EMT most?
My chest felt funny right before I passed out.
A patient has been actively seizing for 17 minutes. He is cyanotic with shallow respirations. What immediate care should you provide to this patient?
Open the airway and begin positive pressure ventilation.
As you approach a patient, she appears unresponsive with her arms and legs jerking violently. On the prehospital care report, you should correctly document that you found the patient in what phase of a generalized seizure?
Clonic
Which one of the following statements about seizures is true?
Seizures may be caused by a variety of medical conditions.
A patient who suffered an apparent syncopal episode refuses transport to the hospital. Prior to the patient signing a refusal, you should make which one of the following statements?
Syncope may be a sign of a serious underlying condition.
How would you transport a seizure patient who may have a spinal-cord injury?
Immobilized on a spine board
You have been called for a 47-year-old female who has "passed out." As you enter the patient's apartment, you find her supine on the living room floor with a cool wash cloth on her forehead. She states that she was standing and talking on the telephone wh
Assess and obtain vital signs while she is supine.
You are transporting a patient who has a history of simple partial seizures. During transport he experiences a simple partial seizure involving her right arm. Her pulse is 92, respirations 14 and adequate, blood pressure 168/88 mmHg, and SpO2 at 98%. What
Progression to a generalized seizure
Which one of the following statements related to the pathophysiology of seizures is correct?
A seizure occurs when there is a massive and uncoordinated electrical discharge in the brain.
You find a patient, who seized for approximately two minutes, supine on the kitchen floor. He responds to painful stimuli and has snoring respirations. His heart rate is 124 beats per minute, and his pulse oximetry is 89% on room air. He has cool and clam
Perform a head tilt-chin lift.
Of the four patients listed below, which one should be categorized as the highest priority for transport?
Pregnant female with a history of seizures who is seizing.
You have been called to an alcoholic rehabilitation center for a 56-year-old male patient whose left arm suddenly began to shake uncontrollably. He is alert and oriented, and he is terrified that he cannot stop his arm from moving. What type of seizure sh
Simple partial
Which type of seizure occurs in children and is caused by a fever?
Febrile
A man comes into your station and tells you that he was just diagnosed by his physician as having a syncopal episode the previous week. More specifically, he asks you to explain why he fainted. Which one of the statements that follow would be your best re
For some reason, there was a temporary decrease in the flow of blood to your brain.
Which one of the following patient statements strongly suggests syncope?
Once I hit the floor, I was only out for a few seconds.
Which one of the following signs and symptoms would be most helpful in determining that a patient had a syncopal episode rather than a seizure?
There was no period of confusion after the event.
You are caring for a postictal patient who has a history of seizures. He is confused and cannot remember his eight-year-old son's name. His son tearfully asks you if his father will ever remember him. Which one of the following responses would be most app
Although he is confused now, he should remember your name in a little bit.
The initial part of a generalized seizure experienced by some patients is called the:
aura.
Which one of the following seizure patients is most at risk for problems to the airway and breathing?
23-year-old female actively seizing for 14 minutes
Which one of the following offers the best explanation of why a patient experiencing a syncopal episode regains consciousness after falling?
The supine position allows more blood to perfuse the brain.
The EMT shows that she understands the danger posed by status epilepticus when she states:
The longer the seizure continues, the greater the opportunity for permanent brain damage.
You are called to a residence for seizure activity. On location the patient's daughter tells you that her father stated he felt dizzy and then he fell to the floor. Within a few seconds, he began asking what had happened and why he was on the floor. Based
Syncopal episode
A young boy tells you that his twin brother suffers from seizures and asks what he can do if he sees his brother convulsing. You should give him which one of the following instructions?
Move any moveable objects and furniture away from him.
You are called to a residence to assess a child. The parents state that the three-year-old boy was playing with his brother and "blanked out" and "stared off into space" for several seconds. They deny any convulsing-like movement. Based on this descriptio
Absence
In what form is oral glucose is packaged?
Gel
The wife of a 43-year-old male has called 911 because her husband was difficult to wake up and now has garbled speech. She reports a history of diabetes, stroke, renal failure, and high blood pressure. His airway is patent, respirations tachypneic but ade
Administer high-flow oxygen.
You have been called for a 32-year-old female with altered mental status. On scene you find the patient lethargic and confused. Although information is sketchy, it appears that she has a history of diabetes as well as renal failure for which she receives
Insulin
You are called to an outpatient clinic to transfer a 39-year-old male patient in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to an acute-care hospital. When assessing the patient, which one of the following signs or symptoms might you expect to find?
Fruity or acetone odor on his breath
You have been called to a residence for a patient with altered mental status. On arrival a neighbor informs you that he saw the patient washing windows several minutes earlier and then suddenly saw him lying on the ground. He continues by stating that the
Take manual in-line spinal stabilization.
Which one of the following accurately describes insulin?
Hormone that enables glucose to move into the cells
Medical direction has ordered you to administer one dose of oral glucose to a diabetic patient with confusion. Which one of the following actions describes what you should do?
Carefully administer the entire tube of glucose.
A diabetic patient is alert but confused. You have decided to administer oral glucose. Which one of the following describes how to administer the glucose properly?
Place the glucose between the patient's cheek and gum.
How should an EMT best describe a confused and combative patient with labored respirations and a blood glucose level of 33 mg/dl?
Hypoglycemic
What is a glucometer used to evaluate?
Blood sugar
When providing information about diabetes to a group of Emergency Medical Responders, you tell them that it is a disease:
in which the pancreas fails to produce the proper amount of insulin.
What is the primary reason to administer oral glucose to a patient?
Increase the amount of circulating glucose
A patient who is unresponsive has a blood glucose level of 28. Her family states that she took her insulin in the morning three hours ago. Which one of the following statements made by the family would make sense in regards to the patient's current blood
She did not eat after taking her insulin.
An alert but confused diabetic patient is complaining of weakness. Your service carries oral glucose, which has been authorized through off-line medical direction. In this case you should:
prepare and administer the oral glucose.
When administering oral glucose to a diabetic patient, the EMT must take precautions to prevent what adverse effect?
Airway obstruction
You suspect that an unresponsive female may be diabetic. To help confirm this suspicion, where would you send your partner to look for vials of insulin?
Refrigerator
A diabetic patient who took insulin earlier is found unresponsive with a blood glucose level of 29 mg/dl. Which one of the following pieces of information provided by family would provide the best explanation for the patient's altered mental status?
He refused to eat breakfast and lunch today.
An unresponsive patient presents with a blood sugar of 30 mg/dl. What is the major threat to this patient's well-being?
Brain damage
The EMT should suspect that a patient is diabetic when which one of the following medications is found on the scene?
Byetta
Which one of the following statements made by an EMT indicates a correct understanding of glucose in the human body?
The cells of the brain cannot use anything else but glucose for energy.
Which one of the following patients has a normal fasting glucose level?
37-year-old female who is weak and dizzy with a glucose level of 81
What is the best action to take prior to administering oral glucose?
Determine the patient's blood glucose level.
Five minutes after administering oral glucose to a confused diabetic patient, you do not see any improvement in her mental status. Which one of the following actions should you take?
Continue to monitor the patient.
You have arrived on the scene of a 64-year-old diabetic patient. He is supine in bed and exhibits snoring respirations. Family members state that they just tested his blood sugar and it is 25 mg/dl. Which one of the following should be your immediate acti
Perform the head tilt-chin lift.
Prior to the administration of oral glucose, a patient's blood glucose level was 49 mg/dl. After administering the oral glucose, the patient is alert and oriented. Which one of the following repeat blood glucose levels would the EMT expect with this clini
155 mg/dl
Your partner reports that he has found some small areas of bruising to the abdomen of a patient who takes insulin. He is puzzled by the finding. Which one of the following responses would be most appropriate?
There could be several reasons for the bruising, but insulin injections are often administered to the abdomen.
You have been called for an adult male who is hypoglycemic and responsive to painful stimuli. The family has oral glucose and wants you to administer it. However, at this time, your medical director has not authorized its use and there are no protocols re
Transport the patient to the emergency department.
A patient's glucometer reads 39 mg/dl. The patient is alert, but confused. The patient's son states that he has a friend who becomes unresponsive when his sugar is less than 50 mg/dl; therefore, the reading on his father cannot be correct. Which one of th
The response to a low blood sugar can vary from patient to patient.
You have been called for a 33-year-old male complaining of weakness and dizziness. When getting the history, which one of the following statements would make you suspicious that the patient is an undiagnosed diabetic?
I find myself urinating all of the time.
The son of a patient with altered mental status informs you that his father is a type I diabetic. Based on this information, you would understand that the patient:
needs to take insulin.
For which patient would the EMT have the strongest suspicion of a diabetic emergency?
Confused patient with a blood glucose of 58 mg/dl
A patient informs you that she takes Januvia pills for her diabetes. Which one of the following statements about this patient and her diabetes is true?
Her pancreas still produces some insulin.
You are reviewing a prehospital care report for a patient with altered mental status that occurred after he took too much insulin. Based on this information, you should assume that at the time of EMS contact, the patient's blood sugar level was probably:
low.
You know an EMT is correctly using a glucometer when she performs which one of the following?
Wastes the first drop of blood obtained from the patient's finger
Which one of the following patients is a candidate for oral glucose?
An alert but confused diabetic patient with cool skin
A 17-year-old patient is unresponsive. A medical identification bracelet states that he is diabetic. Which of the following actions should be your first in the care of this patient?
Assess the airway.
After you administer oral glucose to a diabetic patient, his level of conscious deteriorates and he becomes unresponsive with snoring respirations. Which one of the following actions should you take immediately?
Manage the airway.
A diabetic patient presents as alert but irritable and confused. His airway is patent with an intact gag reflex and breathing is adequate. You do not have a glucometer available and are not sure if his blood sugar is high or low. In this situation, which
Administer oral glucose.
To which one of the following patients would the EMT administer oral glucose?
Confused 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes who is able to swallow
You have been called for a patient who is confused and slightly combative. Which one of the following assessment findings would make you suspicious that the patient is suffering from hyperglycemia?
Increased respirations with a sweet smell to his breath
You are instructing EMT students on how to obtain a blood sample to use in a glucometer. You are providing accurate information by stating which one of the following?
A small drop of blood obtained from the patient's fingertip is sufficient.
Which one of the following would lead the EMT to suspect that a patient is suffering from hypoglycemia?
A rapid onset of altered mental status
You are reviewing prehospital care reports and notice that a patient with low blood sugar and no contraindications to oral glucose did not receive the medication. You recognize that this inaction placed the patient at risk for what condition?
Brain damage
A glucometer reads 50 mg/dl. Which one of the following terms best describes that result?
Low
Family members have called you for a young female patient with a diabetic history who took insulin earlier in the day. She is confused and combative. Which one of the following questions is most important for the EMT to immediately ask the family?
Did she eat after taking the insulin?
You are transporting a diabetic who has low blood sugar. En route you have received orders to administer oral glucose. What piece of emergency equipment is it most important to have readily available during this procedure?
Suction device
After you administer oral glucose to a confused and combative patient, she gradually becomes calmer and fully oriented. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that the patient:
had a low blood-sugar level.
Your medical director is providing a review of diabetic emergencies and asks you to describe glucose. Which one of the following would be the most appropriate response?
It is a sugar that is the body's main source of energy.
You are assisting a paramedic who is administering glucagon to a patient. Based on your understanding of how glucagon works in the human body, which one of the following is the therapeutic goal of administering it?
Raises the amount of circulating blood glucose
A patient informs you that he found out he is allergic to certain molds and was prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector. He asks you how the epinephrine will help him the next time he is exposed to mold. Which one of the following would be the most approp
It will cause the blood vessels to constrict and increase your blood pressure.
You are providing bag-valve-mask ventilations to a patient in anaphylactic shock. There is increasing resistance to ventilation, despite using proper technique. Which one of the following is the best way to address this situation?
Perform a Sellick maneuver and occlude the pop-off valve on the bag-mask.
Which one of the following explains why patients experiencing an allergic reaction have difficulty breathing?
The bronchioles constrict and spasm.
You have just assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. The patient states that he has never taken epinephrine before. You would inform him of which one of the following?
You may feel a little shaky, but that is normal and will pass.
Which one of the following is the primary difference between an anaphylactic reaction and an anaphylactoid reaction?
An anaphylactoid reaction may occur without prior sensitization to the antigen; anaphylaxis requires prior sensitization.
Which one of the following patient statements best suggests that the patient may be in the early stages of an allergic reaction?
I suddenly feel like a have a lump in my throat.
What is the most common cause of an allergic reaction?
Medications
You are responding to a call for an allergic reaction. Your partner is a new EMT and this is his first call. Which one of the following instructions to him about assessment and treatment of an allergic reaction would be correct?
Our first priority will not be to determine what caused the allergic reaction, but to treat the patient according to his symptoms.
Prior to assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, the EMT must ensure that:
on- or off-line medical direction exists.
A patient informs you that any time she is exposed to a particular soap, she experiences a mild allergic reaction. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:
the soap contains an allergen.
Your patient is allergic to peanuts and was just exposed to peanut butter. Assessment reveals her to be alert and oriented, with swollen lips and hives on her face. She is breathing adequately at a rate of 20 breaths per minute and has a heart rate of 82
Provide oxygen via nonrebreather mask.
An alert but confused patient experiencing an allergic reaction begins to exhibit stridorous respirations. The EMT should recognize:
swelling to the upper airway.
A patient states that he is allergic to poison ivy and was burning it yesterday and accidentally inhaled some of the smoke. Today, he awoke and found a red rash to the back of his left hand and called 911. Assessment reveals him to be alert and oriented,
Obtain a medical history using the SAMPLE mnemonic.
When performing the reassessment of a patient having an allergic reaction, which one of the following would be of most concern to the EMT?
Correct Respiratory rate change from 28 to 10 breaths per minute
Five minutes after you assist a patient with her epinephrine auto-injector, the patient states that she feels much better and would like to refuse additional care and transport to the hospital. What statement would be most appropriate given the situation?
The epinephrine will wear off in 10 to 20 minutes. Let's see how you are doing then before thinking about refusing transport.
A patient who is responsive to painful stimuli is covered with hives. He has labored respirations and a weak pulse that is tachycardic. His vital signs are: pulse 128, respirations 24, and blood pressure 80/50 mmHg. Given this presentation, the EMT should
Anaphylactic reaction
You have been summoned to an apartment for a 58-year-old female complaining of swollen lips and hives to her chest. When asked, she states that she has had episodes of the hives and swollen lips over the past six months, but allergy testing has not been a
Idiopathic
A patient has been stung by a bee. Which one of the following findings would be present in anaphylaxis, but not in a mild allergic reaction?
Hypotension
What is the most severe form of an allergic reaction called?
Anaphylaxis
In which situation would the EMT contact medical direction prior to administering epinephrine to a patient suffering an anaphylactic reaction?
The patient is not prescribed an auto-injector
Which one of the following does the EMT recognize when the onset of signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction is very rapid?
The reaction tends to be more severe.
A football player in full uniform has been stung by a bee. Your assessment reveals him to be confused. He also has stridorous respirations and weak radial pulses. His skin is warm and flushed and covered with hives. Vital signs are: pulse 144, respiration
Administer the epinephrine through a padless area of the pants over the side of his thigh.
After you assist a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, which one of the following statements made by the patient best indicates that the epinephrine is working and the patient is improving?
My breathing feels a lot easier.
What should an EMT do to assist a patient in taking his epinephrine auto-injector?
Press the injector onto the lateral thigh, and wait for it to automatically inject.
The EMT shows he understands the use of an epinephrine auto-injector for treating a patient with an anaphylactic reaction when he makes which one of the following statements?
Epinephrine administered through an auto-injector can be used for all severe allergic reactions, regardless of the cause.
A patient with an allergy to bees and a prescribed Epi-pen was working in the garden when she noted swelling to the right side of her face. Assessment reveals swelling that is red and hot to the right cheek area. Her airway is patent, respirations easy an
Perform a secondary assessment.
You have assisted an adult patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. When giving a report to the emergency department nurse, you should inform her that ________ mg of epinephrine was administered?
0.30
Five minutes after assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, you determine the patient to be getting progressively worse. The patient has a second auto-injector available; however, written protocols do not address the administration of a sec
Contact medical direction for further orders.
You have been called for a male patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction. The patient is very confused and having great difficulty breathing. He has an epinephrine auto-injector; however, your service does not have protocols related its use. In EMT
provide oxygen and respiratory support followed by immediate transport.
You have been called to a kindergarten class for a five-year-old boy who is allergic to peanuts. He ate some in the form of a birthday treat brought to school by a classmate who is celebrating a birthday. From the door of the classroom, you note the patie
Inspect the inside of his mouth.
On scene you assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector after he was stung multiple times by bees. You are now transporting the patient to the hospital. As you reassess the patient, which one of the following signs would best indicate that the
Decreasing wheezing
A patient who is severely short of breath and covered with hives states that she is allergic to crab but tried some crab dip 10 minutes ago. Which one of the following questions should the EMT ask first?
Do you have an epinephrine auto-injector?
You have arrived by the side of a patient who is allergic to latex and was exposed to it when she spilled a latex-containing powder on her right hand. Assessment reveals her to be lethargic and panicked, and able to speak a few words with each breath. Her
Provide positive pressure ventilation.
Which one of the following statements indicates that the EMT understands airway management in a patient suffering a severe allergic reaction?
If we have to provide positive pressure ventilation, it may be difficult to pass air through the swollen tissues.
You are called to an out-patient surgery center for a patient who developed an allergic reaction while receiving an intravenous (IV) antibiotic. What should the EMT recognize and document as the route of exposure?
Injection
Which one of the following assessment findings would indicate that the patient is suffering from an anaphylactic reaction and requires immediate intervention?
Swollen lips with a blood pressure of 84/50 mmHg
The EMT's patient has swollen lips and hives. Which one of the following scene size-up observations supports the EMT's suspicion that the patient is having an allergic reaction?
A new container of penicillin is on a table with two pills missing.
The EMT exhibits an understanding of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis when she makes which one of the following statements?
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that will lead to death without emergency care.
For the EMT to achieve the best results when assisting with epinephrine, the medication should be placed into:
muscle.
You are staffing an information booth at the county fair when a mother and her 15-year-old son approach. The mother informs you that her son is severely allergic to bee stings and had an epinephrine auto-injector prescribed to him when he was five years o
Call your doctor to get a new injector and ask him if he wants to change the dose.
You have been called to a residence for a female patient who awoke with swollen lips and a rash to her arms and abdomen. In addition, she exhibits a mild expiratory wheeze in all lung fields. She states that she called her doctor who advised her to take s
It stops the constriction of the patient's small airways.
When assessing a patient with an anaphylactic reaction, which one of the following assessment findings should be expected?
Weak radial pulse
A panicked and anxious patient informs you that he is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally eaten some. He states that the last time he ate peanuts he needed to have a "tube put in his throat" and almost died. When assessing the patient,
Hives on his chest
Why would the patient experiencing an allergic reaction tell you that it is easier to breathe following administration of epinephrine?
Dilation of the bronchioles
During the primary assessment, which one of the following findings would most lead the EMT to suspect an allergic reaction?
Hives to the face and neck
After assisting a patient with the use of an epinephrine auto-injector, you note that the patient's blood pressure has improved. As a knowledgeable EMT, you realize that this has occurred due to epinephrine's ability to:
constrict blood vessels.
When administering epinephrine to an infant or child, the EMT would place the injector at what site?
Lateral thigh
Medical command has ordered you to administer activated charcoal to a patient who ingested a large amount of poison. When looking in your medical kit, which of the following medications would you prepare and administer?
Actidose
You have been called for a 13-year-old boy who was caught sniffing glue by his parents. The boy is lethargic and confused and complaining of burning to the mouth and nose as well as nausea and vomiting. Based on the clinical presentation and mechanism of
Crossing from the lungs into the blood stream and then circulating to the brain
You have been called to a home for a patient with behavioral problems who states that he drank some "chemicals." The patient is alert and oriented and shows no life-threatening conditions to the airway, breathing, or circulation. At this point, which of t
What exactly did you drink?
The grandfather of an alert and oriented 2-year-old girl found her on the floor playing with the pills from his open bottle of Digoxin (heart medication that slows the rate). He cannot remember how many pills were in the bottle, but he thinks that some ar
The Digoxin has yet to absorb into the body.
A 44-year-old male who works at a petroleum refining plant inhaled a significant amount of hydrocarbon fumes and now is complaining of a headache with associated dizziness and nausea, as well as mild shortness of breath. He is alert and oriented and there
Continuous SpO2 monitoring
A 31-year-old female was stung by a hornet while golfing. Your assessment reveals her to be confused with stridorous respirations. Her skin is warm and flushed and covered with hives. A stinger is located on the back of her neck. Based on this information
injection.
You are caring for a patient who intentionally drank a compound with a high percentage of methanol. He is confused and lethargic, but has no obvious deficits to his airway, breathing, or circulation. En-route to the hospital, he states that he is very nau
turn him on his side.
You have delivered a patient who had a pesticide splashed into his eyes to the emergency department. Aside from local irritation and damage to the eyes, he also suffered systemic complications since the pesticide entered and was circulated throughout his
absorption.
A 32-year-old female calls 911 stating that she injected herself with some heroin 15 minutes ago. She has never tried heroin and she is very scared about what she has done. Assessment reveals her to be alert but slightly confused. Her airway is open and s
Monitor her and transport.
A drug addict informs you that he has been taking Oxycontin and now requires more and more of the drug to take his chronic back pain away. The EMT would recognize this patient as experiencing:
tolerance.
Which of the following instructions given to another EMT would be most appropriate when managing a patient who ingested numerous household cleaners in an attempt to kill himself?
Let's gather up all of the containers of the chemicals he may have taken and take them with us.
You have been called for a 41-year-old female who is confused. Her husband states that she is an alcoholic who has been in and out of rehab for the past five years. Assessment reveals her airway to be open and breathing adequate. Her pulse is regular and
Complaint of nausea with a temperature of 101.6�F
You are preparing to administer activated charcoal to a patient who has ingested a poison. The activated charcoal authorized by your medical director also contains a cathartic. What statement would you make to the patient regarding this additive?
You may experience diarrhea after taking the charcoal.
You are assessing a young male patient who was found in an alley by sanitation workers. Assessment reveals the patient to respond to painful stimuli by opening his eyes, but then closes them once you stop pinching the muscles on his neck. His airway is op
narcotic overdose.
Medical direction has ordered the administration of activated charcoal to a 3-year-old boy. What dose would be most appropriate?
1 gram/kilogram
You have been summoned to a residence for a child who ingested a liquid pesticide. On scene, worried parents inform you that their 4-year-old son and some friends were playing in the garage and apparently found some pesticide, which their son says he tast
I need to see the other children.
You have arrived at a home where the parents found their 13-year-old son in the garage inhaling propane from the family grill. Your assessment reveals him to be alert, oriented, and have an open airway. His breathing is labored, and his pulse is rapid for
Wheezing localized to the left lung
You have been called to a residence for a cognitively challenged 32-year-old female who drank a bottle of floor cleaner. She is conscious, but having a difficult time breathing due to swelling from burns in her mouth, with mild stridor on inspiration. Whi
Insert a nasal airway.
A patient has overdosed on an unknown amount of unspecified drugs. On scene, you find her to be conscious but confused and extremely nauseated and she vomits twice. Examination of the vomitus reveals the fragments of different pills. Her past medical hist
position her on her side.
While he is changing the battery on a truck, acid from the battery splashed into a patient's right eye. He complains of burning pain to his right eye and he is having a hard time keeping it open. He is alert and oriented and has no problems with his airwa
irrigate the eye with tap water for a minimum of 20 minutes.
A 19-year-old diabetic female is unresponsive after drinking a large amount of alcohol and trying some "pills" that her friend provided. Her airway is patent, respirations adequate, and radial pulse intact. Emergency Medical Responders are maintaining her
apply oxygen by non-rebreather mask.
You have been called to a dilapidated residence for a 26-year-old female complaining of generalized weakness. After applying gloves, you enter the home and find the patient on a couch in minimal distress. Your assessment reveals no life threats, but you d
continue care with gloves.
Which of the following patients would the EMT recognize as a drug abuser?
A 39-year-old female who takes pain medications even though she is not in pain
You are responding to a drug-related emergency. While en route, the dispatcher informs you that the patient has overdosed on an unspecified narcotic. Which of the following statements made to your partner indicates an understanding of overdoses with narco
When performing the primary assessment, we need to be alert for respiratory depression.
When treating a patient for an overdose, the highest priority of care is placed on:
managing the airway and breathing.
A confused female patient states that she was intoxicated and was given a glass of household bleach to drink, which she did. When transporting this patient, which of the following complications would you continually assess for?
Vomiting
A 49-year-old alcoholic patient has fallen down a flight of stairs after consuming two-fifths of cheap whiskey. He presents with confused and slurred speech and the smell of alcohol on his breath. Family states that he is "hopeless" and has been drinking
bruise to the head.
You have been called to an alcoholic rehabilitation center. On scene, one of the counselors tells you that the patient is a 44-year-old woman who just came to the center this morning. He continues on by stating that she has not had any alcohol for 24 hour
physically dependent on alcohol.
A 16-year-old male has been inhaling paint fumes to "feel good." His grandmother called 911 when she found him doing this in the basement and he told her he was having a hard time breathing. He is alert and oriented, with a patent airway and adequate brea
high flow oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.
On arrival to a parking lot tailgate, you observe a crowd around a young man who is seizing. As you get equipment from the ambulance and make your way to the patient, his friends tell you that the patient has been up all night "partying" by drinking alcoh
Open the airway, provide oxygen, and give rapid transport to the hospital.
You are en route for a possible heroin overdose. As an EMT, you would recognize heroin as what type of drug?
Depressant
The EMT accurately understands alcoholism when he states:
Aside from the excessive amounts of alcohol, much of the health deterioration that accompanies alcoholism comes from malnutrition.
For which of the following patients would you be most concerned about exposure to cyanide?
Firefighter battling a smoky structure fire
You have been called to a residence for a 31-year-old patient complaining of confusion, nausea, vomiting, and a headache. He states that this started this morning and has been getting worse all day. Despite lying in bed and resting all day, he is more fat
I just turned the furnace on last night.
A female patient in her forties has overdosed and is lying at the bottom of some stairs. As you arrive, her husband informs you that she is addicted to pain medications and was chewing a Fentanyl (narcotic pain reliever) this evening. He states that she w
take manual in-line spinal stabilization.
Following a large wedding, health authorities announce that some of the food was contaminated with salmonella. Consequently, your EMS service receives notice that there may be a significant number of calls involving food poisoning. A new EMT asks you how
You should treat the patient based on his or her signs and symptoms, just like any other ingested poison.
A 44-year-old male was using an industrial drain cleaning solvent to clean the drains in his house. The solvent ate through the pipes on the second floor, spilling into the walls and filling the house with fumes. He was in the house for several minutes pr
Administer oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.
A 14-year-old female has taken an excessive amount of Tylenol with codeine. Family states that they were asleep when they heard a crash and found her at the bottom of the stairs. When they asked her if she was okay, she told them that her boyfriend broke
take manual in-line spinal stabilization.
Which of the following statements indicates that the EMT understands the condition of withdrawal?
Withdrawal from drugs or alcohol can be just as serious a medical emergency as an overdose.
Medical direction has ordered the administration of activated charcoal to an adult patient who has overdosed on several unspecified medications. Prior to administering the medication, the EMT must:
shake the medication thoroughly to mix it.
A frantic mother called 911 because she found her 18-month-old daughter playing with a bottle of drain cleaner. When assessing this patient, which of the following provides the strongest evidence that the child did indeed ingest some of the liquid?
Burns to her mouth
A patient working at an ice plant was trapped in a room filled with sulfur dioxide. On arrival, you donned a self-contained breathing apparatus and entered the room, finding the patient unresponsive on the floor. The room remains filled with the gas. Your
remove him from the immediate environment.
For which of the following patients is a "talk down" indicated?
26-year-old who took LSD and is panicked because spiders are after him
The family of a 31-year-old female reports that she has taken an overdose of her father's diabetes medication. Assessment reveals her to be supine on the floor and unresponsive with snoring respirations. Her pulse is rapid and her skin is cool to the touc
perform a jaw-thrust maneuver.
Which of the following guidelines would the EMT follow when talking down a patient with a drug related emergency?
Be authoritative and orient him to place and time frequently.
When managing a patient that has been exposed to a poisonous substance, the first priority of the EMT is to:
perform a primary assessment.
You have been called for a "drunk" male patient at a halfway house known to provide living quarters to those with drug and alcohol problems. Residents tell you that the patient is a heavy drinker and must have had too much last night. This morning he was
Glucometer on the table
When performing a "talk down," which of the following statements would appropriately be included?
You are seeing rats because of the drug; this will not last forever.
The most common route by which a poison enters the body is:
ingestion.
You have been called to a residence for a 14-year-old male who states that he intentionally took some medication to kill himself. Assessment indicates that he is alert, oriented, and has an open airway and adequate breathing. Given the situation, it is im
check the radial pulse and skin.
A 56-year-old male has been exposed to fumes containing cyanide. Why should the EMT call for advanced life support assistance?
Paramedics may be able to administer a cyanide antidote.
Which of the following actions indicate that the EMT is correctly administering activated charcoal to a patient who has ingested a toxic substance?
The patient drinks it through a straw.
You are by the side of a young female college student who is unresponsive. Friends say that she is not a heavy drinker, but tonight she drank an excessive amount of alcohol. She responds to painful stimuli and has snoring respirations. Her respiratory rat
perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
A 44-year-old patient was found unresponsive at home. Based on his clinical presentation and fact that he was burning a kerosene heater in an enclosed room, you determine that he is suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Based on this information, whic
Inhalation
An 18-year-old female has eaten a poisonous mushroom. Medical direction has ordered you to administer activated charcoal. Immediately following administration, the patient vomits the medication. She remains alert and oriented with no current life threats
re-administer the activated charcoal.
Family members have called EMS after finding their brother in a highly agitated state. When assessing this patient, which of the following findings would raise your suspicion that the patient took a stimulant?
Blood pressure of 196/104
Which of the following is the greatest risk related to ingestion of cyanide?
Widespread hypoxia
A 17-year-old female was at a party where she tried a Percocet pill (narcotic pain reliever). After taking the pill, she became scared she was going to die and is crying. At the present time, she feels slightly nauseated, but has no other complaints. Ther
non-emergent transport.
A 53-year-old female has intentionally taken a large amount of Valium. The EMT would recognize that the medication is being absorbed into the body through what structure?
Small intestine
A 42-year old patient weighs 154 pounds (70 kg). How much activated charcoal would you administer to him?
70 grams
A worker at a chemical plant was working on a high-pressure tank containing chlorine gas when the valve broke, filling the room with chlorine gas and throwing the patient forcefully against the wall. He was unresponsive and trapped in the room for 10 minu
take in-line manual spinal stabilization.
Firefighters have pulled a 62-year-old male from a bedroom that was on fire. According to the firefighters, he was smoking in bed and fell asleep. They found him supine on the floor. Assessment reveals him to be responsive to painful stimuli with soot in
How long was he trapped in the room?
You have been called for a 46-year-old male who just smoked crack cocaine. In reviewing his past medical history, which of the following conditions would be most of most concern to the EMT?
Heart disease
You are suspicious of food poisoning in a 51-year-old male with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and an elevated temperature. He is alert and oriented with no life threats to his airway, breathing, or circulation. His vital signs are: pulse 124, respirations 2
Oxygen at 2 lpm through a nasal cannula
You have assessed a 25-year-old female who states that she has taken a large amount of anti-depressants and other medications in an effort to end her life. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions. Why is it important to get the histo
The patient may become confused and be unable to provide information.
A patient informs you that he smoked marijuana all night and now he has great anxiety and tremors to both hands. The EMT would recognize marijuana as a(n):
cannabis product.
You are transporting a patient who overdosed on medications from a community Emergency Department (ED) to a large medical center for continued care. In the ED, the patient received two doses of activated charcoal. When performing your reassessment of the
Red colored stool
You have been called to a party by friends of a 14-year-old female with a decreased level of consciousness. On scene, the partygoers state that they were "huffing" when she suddenly complained of a headache and then passed out. In reference to the term "h
inhaling fumes or vapors.
You have been called for an 11-year-old boy with a history of mild mental retardation who has possibly ingested the leaves of a household plant. His mother states that she found him eating the leaves then immediately called 911. You note that the plant ha
Confusion and lethargy
A patient who is agitated and hyperactive with dilated pupils and tachypnea has most likely ingested:
crack cocaine.
You have been called for an alcoholic patient experiencing a medical emergency. On scene, a home health nurse informs you that the patient is experiencing delirium tremens. As an EMT, you recognize which of the following?
This is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid transport.
Which of the following correctly identifies the routes by which a poison can enter the human body?
Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection, Absorption
You are transporting a patient who wants help to rid herself of an addiction to pain medications. She says she has not taken any pain medications since yesterday, and needs help. Which of the following would you recognize as a sign of withdrawal?
She starts to become agitated.
At the scene of an industrial accident, you are presented with a male patient who was exposed to a powerful pesticide in powder form. The patient states that he was moving sacks of the pesticide when one broke open. In the process, his face and arms were
apply oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.
A teenage male patient was stung by an unidentified insect. On scene, the sting site to his right forearm showed some redness and mild swelling. During the reassessment, which statement made by the patient would indicate that venom from the sting is absor
I feel sick to my stomach and dizzy.
You have been called for an unresponsive patient. On scene, hysterical family members direct you to an unresponsive 32-year-old woman who is lying on the bedroom floor. Her husband says that she left a note saying that she wanted to kill herself and took
open the airway and suction.
You have been called for a young female who overdosed on several drugs. Which of the following is it most essential that the EMT perform while caring for this patient?
Identify and correct loss of vital function.
The EMT is transporting a patient with the diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. As such, the EMT would recognize that the patient has a past medical history of:
alcoholism.
You have been called for a 28-year-old male with a history of behavioral problems. He responds to painful stimuli with garbled speech. His airway is patent, but breathing is inadequate. His radial pulse is rapid and skin cool and moist. He has crackles at
start positive pressure ventilation.
For which of the following patients would activated charcoal be indicated?
27-year-old who intentionally took a large amount of Tylenol 45 minutes ago
A patient has been found unresponsive of her bedroom floor. When assessing her, the EMT would have the highest index of suspicion for a narcotic overdose when he notes:
shallow and slow respirations.
After determining that a patient intentionally took an overdose of blood pressure medications, which of the following questions by the EMT would be most appropriate?
How many did you take?
A confused and lethargic patient reports that she took a large number of anti-anxiety pills because she was angry with her husband. Her airway is patent and her breathing is adequate. Her pulse is normal and her skin is warm and dry. During your reassessm
place her in a lateral recumbent position.
Which of the following statements made by an EMT indicates a safe and accurate understanding of inhalation poisonings?
The onset of signs and symptoms associated with an inhalation poisoning are typically rapid.
The EMT would recognize which of the following as true regarding poisoning?
A poison is any substance that impairs a person's health by its chemical action.
Which of the following is characteristic of carbon monoxide?
It is an odorless gas that can kill a person by causing severe hypoxia.
The Poison Control Center has advised that you administer milk to a patient who has overdosed on a medication. Given this information you would:
contact medical command.
On the scene of a drug-related emergency, a 22-year-old patient tells you that he has been taking amphetamines because he likes the way that they make him feel. Over the past two days, he has been taking more and more and today he feels as though his hear
Increased blood pressure
Which of the following complaints would the EMT expect from a person who has just used crack cocaine?
I have chest pain.
When assessing a patient who has been exposed to a poisonous substance, the EMT must remember that:
the signs and symptoms will vary depending on the specific poison.
Which of the following statements made by an EMT regarding antidotes indicates proper understanding?
An antidote will neutralize or counteract the effects of a poison or toxic substance.
This is the third day that a patient is in withdrawal from alcohol. If called to care for this patient, the EMT would recognize the need for:
seizure precautions.
You are called to an alcoholic crisis center to transport a patient experiencing delirium tremens. When assessing the patient, which signs or symptoms would the EMT associate with this condition?
Loss of memory, hallucinations, fever, dilated pupils
An alert and oriented 5-year-old child drank some ammonia that was placed in a cup. He is very scared and complaining of abdominal pain, and he states that he has not vomited. Assessment shows ammonia around and in his mouth as well as on his breath. He h
rinsing his face and mouth with water.
A patient who has ingested a toxic substance is to receive activated charcoal. The EMT knows that the charcoal will benefit the patient by:
adsorbing the poisonous substance in the stomach.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the functions of the vagina?
The vagina serves as a passage for the fetus during delivery as well as an outlet for blood during menstruation.
You have been dispatched for a male patient who is "sick." While enroute, Emergency Medical Responders inform you that the patient has esophageal varices, which appear to have ruptured. You would inform your partner to prepare what materials or piece of e
Suction machine
Which statement indicates that the EMT correctly understands the goal of assessing a patient with abdominal pain?
It is more important to recognize a possible abdominal emergency as opposed to determining the exact cause.
Which of the following statements made by a female patient would make the EMT highly suspicious of Mittelschmerz?
I had some sharp belly pain but it seems to be going away now.
The EMT understands the major function of most organs in the abdomen when he states:
The major function of the organs in the abdominal cavity is digestion.
You are responding to a patient with a complication related to her chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Based on this description, the paramedic would anticipate which of the following?
Catheter placed in the abdomen
You have been called for a patient with abdominal pain. The patient states that he recently had his gall bladder removed. As an EMT, you realize that:
his ability to digest fats is impaired.
On arrival for a patient with severe abdominal pain, an Emergency Medical Responder tells you that he is concerned because the blood pressure they obtained was 146/88 mmHg and the patient states no history of high blood pressure. He states that it may be
Sometimes pain can naturally increase the blood pressure. I will take another reading so we can compare.
Your medical director is providing an in-service on abdominal pain. He states there are several different categories of pain and asks if anyone can identify and describe visceral pain. Which response made by the EMT would be correct?
A patient with visceral pain typically describes the pain as 'aching' and has a hard time identifying its exact location.
A patient has a tumor that has compressed and obstructed her left ureter. Which of the following is true?
The urine will back up into the left kidney.
Pelvic inflammatory disease is best described as a(n):
infection of the female reproductive organs.
The pancreas would best be described as a(n) ________ organ.
solid
The EMT has an accurate understanding of the solid organs contained within the abdomen when she states:
Solid organs are very vascular and may bleed excessively if injured.
A patient informs you that he has had a large portion of his small intestine removed due to cancer. You recognize that with the removal of small intestine, the patient is less able to:
absorb nutrients.
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you note that his abdomen feels rigid. Which of the following would the EMT do next?
Ask the patient to take a deep breath and re-palpate the rigid area.
Which of the following assessment findings on a patient complaining of abdominal and back pain would the EMT be most concerned about?
Pulsating mass above the umbilicus
You have completed the initial assessment on a 62-year-old male complaining of the sudden onset of epigastric pain. His airway is patent, his breathing is fast but adequate, and his radial pulse is weak and thready. His pulse rate is 124 beats per minute
apply oxygen at 15 lpm via a nonrebreather mask.
A middle-aged female patient has dialed 911 for an abdominal emergency. On scene, she informs you she has a bad gall bladder and it has been increasingly bothering her, thus she needs transport to the hospital for further care. Your assessment reveals ten
referred pain.
You have been called to transfer a male patient from an out-patient clinic to the hospital. The patient has been diagnosed with peritonitis and requires transport to the hospital for definitive care. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize which of th
The lining of the patient's abdominal cavity is inflamed.
Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the stomach?
A hollow organ that secretes digestive enzymes and fluids
During transport, a 27-year-old female drug addict with acute abdominal pain tells you that she is scared and starts crying. Your best response would be:
I know that you are in pain. We are five minutes from the hospital and I have already called the doctor. They will be prepared for us.
You have been dispatched for a patient with abdominal pain. On scene you find the patient lying supine complaining of severe pain to his lower abdomen. He is pale and has a look of distress on his face. Which of the following actions would the EMT do firs
Check the pulse.
You are by the side of a patient who states that he thinks he has a kidney stone. After assessing the patient, which of the following would force you to consider another cause of the patient's pain?
Tearing pain in the abdomen
When obtaining a medical history from a female patient with abdominal pain, she tells you that she suffers from endometriosis. As an EMT, you know that this condition describes:
endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus.
Which of the following assessment findings is of most concern regarding a 36-year-old male with severe abdominal pain?
Blood pressure of 90/64 mmHg
The primary assessment of a 27-year-old female who has been raped reveals no life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The patient complains of pain in the vaginal area, but a focused assessment of her genitalia indicates no remarkable findin
Please be assured that you are safe from harm here in the ambulance.
A patient with a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is complaining of weakness and abdominal pain. He informs you that he vomited 5 minutes before you arrived. Which of the following questions is it most important that the EMT ask first regarding
Was the vomit red or did it look like coffee grounds?
Assessment of a 21-year-old female reveals her to have severe abdominal pain localized to the right upper quadrant. She is alert and oriented and her vital signs are stable. After placing her supine on the stretcher, she quickly assumes a lateral recumben
Are you comfortable in that position? If you are, you should stay on your side.
You are providing continuing education for a group of EMTs. The topic is acute abdominal pain. What point would you stress when discussing the EMT's treatment of the patient with acute abdominal pain?
Definitive care for patients with abdominal pain is hospital evaluation and possible surgical intervention.
In the human body, the urethra:
passes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
The EMT understands that the most common cause of urinary tract infections is:
bacterial invasion.
A 42-year-old female is crying and she states that she has sharp abdominal pain that she localizes to her right lower quadrant. When assessing the patient's abdomen, the EMT would:
start palpating in the left upper quadrant.
Which of the following complaints would raise the EMT's suspicion that a female patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Burning sensation every time she urinates
A patient with a history of frequent urinary tract infections (UTI) is complaining of lower abdominal pain and feels as though she has one again. Which of the following assessment findings would cause you to question the presence of a UTI?
Vaginal bleeding
When he enters the room of a 62-year-old female with an unknown medical complaint, which of the following clues observed during the scene size-up would most increase the EMT's suspicion that the patient is suffering from an acute abdominal condition?
The patient is lying on her side with her knees drawn to her chest
A female patient has developed bacterial peritonitis. Which of the following organs was most likely responsible for this condition?
Small intestine
A 26-year-old female has called 911 because of lower abdominal pain. Your findings are consistent with a urinary tract infection. She has a history of urinary tract infections as well as asthma. Her vital signs are: pulse 116, respirations 14 and adequate
Non-emergent transport
While performing the secondary assessment on a patient's abdomen, you note a pulsating mass just above the umbilicus. Your next action would be to:
palpate the remainder of the abdomen gently.
On scene, you have a 57-year-old female with profuse hemorrhage coming from her dialysis graft located on her left arm. To control the bleeding, you would immediately:
apply direct pressure to the graft.
A patient states that after dinner, she suddenly developed right upper quadrant abdominal pain that radiated to her shoulder. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize this characteristic pain pattern as most suggestive of:
gall bladder inflammation.
The spleen of a patient has ruptured. Because it is a solid organ, the EMT recognizes that the primary threat to life is:
blood loss.
While you are transporting a 44-year-old female with abdominal pain in a low Fowler's position, she starts to vomit. Your immediate action would be to:
place her in a left lateral recumbent position.
You are called to a long-term care facility for a patient with abdominal pain. On location, you find an 81-year-old female who staff said complained of abdominal pain and then began to vomit several times. The patient has advanced dementia and is confused
Risk for vomiting
A patient suffering from a kidney stone would most likely have which of the following complaints?
It hurts so bad!
Which of the following assessment findings would increase the EMT's suspicion of a gastrointestinal bleed?
Black semi-formed stool
You are transporting a visibly upset female that was raped after she let a male stranger into her house. When questioning the patient, which of the following would be appropriate for the EMT to ask?
Please tell me exactly where you are hurting.
The EMT would recognize that the pain associated with a kidney stone is caused by:
passage of the stone through the ureter.
Your partner is performing the Markle (heel drop) test on a patient complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following instructions provided to the patient indicates that she is performing the test correctly?
I need you to stand on the tips of your toes then on my command, drop onto your heels.
The EMT has an accurate understanding of acute abdominal pain when he states:
Sometimes the cause of abdominal pain will be obvious, but most often the cause will not be that apparent.
The EMT would recognize which of the following patients as suffering from an acute abdomen?
62-year-old male with no medical history with sudden pain to the lower abdomen
You have been dispatched to a residence for a patient experiencing an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following chief complaints do you anticipate the patient having?
Severe pain
Which of the following would describes a female patient with a problem to her urinary system?
Swelling of the ureter
You suspect a patient with right lower quadrant pain may have appendicitis. The patient states that he has no health insurance and wants to refuse care and transport. He asks you what can happen if it is appendicitis and he does not go to the hospital. Yo
Your appendix could rupture, causing a major infection and shock.
A 38-year-old female was violently raped. The patient is conscious, upset, and actively bleeding from the vaginal canal. As an EMT, your best care would involve:
applying a bulky dressing and gentle pressure to the external genitalia.
When transporting a weak, pale, and diaphoretic patient you believe to be suffering with a kidney stone, which of the following positions will you place the patient on the stretcher?
On the side of the pain
A patient that has just been raped states that she will not go with you to the hospital until she showers and cleans herself up. As an EMT, you would make which of the following statements:
If you shower, you will destroy evidence needed to identify the rapist.
You have been dispatched for a patient with severe abdominal pain. On scene, a 57-year-old male informs you that he has a past medical history of chronic pancreatitis, which has "flared up." Which of the following precipitating factors would the EMT ident
Consumption of 8 beers this afternoon
A 26-year-old female is complaining of abdominal pain. She states that the pain is generalized to her abdomen and worsens when walking. She also tells you that she is having a foul smelling yellow colored vaginal discharge. The primary assessment reveals
Pelvic inflammatory disease
If a patient has a retroperitoneal infection, what organ would be involved?
Kidney
After performing a Markle test on a 31-year-old female with abdominal pain, she locates pain to her left lower quadrant. How would the EMT interpret this result?
Additional evidence that the patient is suffering from peritonitis
For a normal pregnancy, within what structure must the sperm and egg come together for fertilization?
Fallopian tube
Assessment of a confused and lethargic patient with diabetes and renal failure reveals her to be lying in bed with notable significant edema to the face, torso, and extremities. Her respirations are extremely labored and associated with a "grunting" sound
sit the patient upright.
You have been called for a 31-year-old male who experienced sudden left lower quadrant pain while lifting and moving a friend's couch to an upstairs bedroom. The EMT would recognize this history as suggestive of what type of abdominal injury?
Hernia
While assessing a patient with acute abdominal pain, you note that his abdomen is very rigid. When asked to relax his stomach muscles, he does. The EMT would recognize:
voluntary guarding.
A 56-year-old male informs you that he has gastric ulcers. He states that he has had them for several months, but just recently the pain has been steadily increasing. If the cause of the abdominal pain is the gastric ulcers, how would you expect him to de
Burning pain located to the left upper quadrant
When you are obtaining information for the medical history, which of the following items would be significant for a patient with suspected cholecystitis?
Fried chicken and potato salad for dinner
An alert but confused patient called 911 with the complaint of abdominal pain. Assessment reveals her to be nauseated with pain that she localizes to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. She states that she was not able to take her blood pressure medi
A 42-year-old female is crying and she states that she has sharp abdominal pain that she localizes to her right lower quadrant. When assessing the patient's abdomen, the EMT would:
A patient informs you that he was recently diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). He states that the surgeon did not want to operate on it immediately because he felt it was stable and not worth the risks that surgery posed. Tonight the patien
Tearing" pain located to the back
Which statement regarding abdominal pain would lead the EMT to suspect appendicitis?
The pain started around my belly button and slowly spread down to the right side of my belly.
Which of the following conditions would the EMT recognize as an acute abdominal emergency?
Rupture of the bladder
A 44-year-old female states that she has a history of endometritis. As such, the EMT would recognize that the patient suffers from:
infection of the endometrial lining.
Which of the following statements made by the patient would most likely be associated with parietal or somatic pain?
It hurts right here.
When an EMT is inspecting the abdomen of a patient with pain to his right upper quadrant, it appears large and possibly distended. To determine if it is indeed distended, the EMT would ask:
Is your belly normally this size?
When palpating the anterior portion of a patient's abdomen, you note tenderness to the left upper quadrant. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that which organ may be involved?
Spleen
The EMT knows that the abdomen is located:
between the diaphragm and top of the pelvis.
A patient complains of severe and sharp pain to the right lower abdominal quadrant. Based on location, what organ or structure is most likely involved?
Appendix
You are treating a woman with heavy vaginal bleeding. When estimating the blood loss, which of the following will be most useful to the EMT?
Total number of sanitary napkins used
When cooling a patient with possible heat stroke, which one of the following would be of most concern to the EMT?
Determining that the patient is shivering after having cold packs applied to the neck
The primary assessment on a teenage male patient who is unresponsive with skin that is hot, moist, and flushed reveals his airway to be open, breathing shallow, and radial pulse weak. You are providing positive pressure ventilation. Which one of the follo
Transfer him into the ambulance.
A landscaper who has been working in 105 degree weather is responsive to painful stimuli and has an open airway. His breathing is shallow and his radial pulse is weak. His skin is hot and dry and appears to be sunburned. The EMT should immediately:
start positive pressure ventilation.
A patient at a mountain ski resort presents to you with notable shortness of breath. She denies any past medical history and takes no medications. Your assessment reveals crackles to the bases of both lungs. After applying oxygen, you realize that the key
remove to a lower altitude.
Which statement made by an EMT shows that he understands the care of a patient with a localized cold injury to the foot?
While it is best to remove wet clothing from the patient, it is best to leave clothing that is frozen to the skin in place.
Which one of the following indicates the most significant mechanism by which the body can lose heat?
Radiation
You have been called by a family for their mother, who is "not acting right." On scene you find the 69-year-old woman to be confused and seemingly slow in talking. Her airway is open and respirations are 12 per minute. Her pulse is 58 beats per minute and
Mom suffers from a low thyroid.
You have been summoned to a field where a 32-year-old male patient has been struck by lightning. Emergency Medical Responders are with the patient holding manual in-line spinal stabilization. Once you arrive at the patient's side, which one of the followi
Assess the airway and breathing.
You are transporting a patient who was bitten on her hand by a spider about 20 minutes ago. On scene the primary assessment revealed no life threats and vital signs were stable. While conducting your ongoing assessment, which one of the following would be
Hives to the chest and abdomen
You have been asked by your medical director to put together an emergency kit specifically for patients who have been stung or bitten by small marine life animals. Which one of the following should you place in that kit?
Vinegar
You have been called to a football practice field in the summer on a very hot day for a heat-related emergency. On scene you find a young male patient panting and lying under a tree. His skin is flushed and teammates are continually wiping the sweat off h
Please let him sweat. It is helping his body cool down.
You are treating a patient with suspected heat cramps. Your medical director has issued standing orders for such treatment given the high number of heat-related emergencies to which your service routinely responds. Which one of the following would be appr
Mix one teaspoon salt in one quart of water and administer half of a glass every 15 minutes.
Which one of the following patients would be the highest priority for transport?
Question 23
You are called for an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice. On arrival you find her supine on an icy sidewalk and responsive to painful stimuli with decorticate posturing (flexion). She has blood coming from a laceration on the back of her head and is
Perform the jaw-thrust airway maneuver.
You are assessing a conscious but confused hunter who became lost in the woods on a cold day. Your assessment shows him to have an open airway, adequate breathing, and a weak radial pulse. His skin is cold to the touch and he is shivering. The EMT should
shivering is a protective means by which the body is attempting to warm itself.
You have been called for an alert and oriented male patient whose friends state he spent several hours locked out of his house in the cold temperatures. Since the primary and secondary assessments have ruled out immediately life-threatening conditions, yo
Hot packs to the patient's chest, groin, and armpits
A person is in a hot environment and his body is successfully compensating to off-load the excess heat. Which one of the following assessment findings best illustrates this process?
Warm and diaphoretic skin, elevated heart rate, increased respirations
On entering an apartment for a confused elderly female, you note that the air conditioner is running on high and the room is extremely cold. What other clue obtained during the scene size-up would best indicate that the patient may be hypothermic?
Fan blowing directly onto the patient
Bystanders have called 911 for a female who lives on the street because she has been outside in the cold all night and is muttering incomprehensible words. Her airway is open and her breathing is adequate. Her skin is cold and a radial pulse is present bu
Transfer her into the ambulance.
You have been summoned to a beach for a young male who has been stung by jellyfish on both forearms. Which one of the following instructions to other EMTs shows proper care of this patient?
Let's soak the arms in warm water.
The EMT is correctly assessing the skin temperature of a patient who has been exposed to cold temperatures for an extended period of time when he:
places the back of his hand on the patient's abdomen.
A core temperature is most accurately assessed on a patient who has been exposed to cold temperatures by placing a:
medical-grade thermometer in the patient's rectum.
As an EMT working at a mountain resort, you are presented with a 50-year-old female who states that she does not feel well. From your assessment, which one of the following findings would seemingly indicate that the patient is being adversely affected by
Complaint of dyspnea on exertion
A patient has been bitten by an unidentified snake. Which one of the following statements made by the patient would lead the EMT to believe that the snake was poisonous?
Its head was triangular.
An intoxicated 24-year-old female has been struck by lightning and is conscious but confused. Which one of the following assessment findings should the EMT investigate first?
Irregular heart beat
The EMT should recognize which one of the following patients as suffering from generalized hypothermia?
21-year-old female who was trapped in cold water for 10 minutes before being rescued
The EMT shows she understands the regulation of temperature in the human body when she states:
If the body becomes too hot or too cold, the brain will send instructions out to the body to either retain or lose heat.
A hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is applied and delivers one shock. Which one of the following actions would the EMT perform next?
Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
You are treating a male patient who is hypothermic. What should you do to decrease heat loss caused by radiation?
Wrap a towel around the patient's head.
A patient has been struck by lightning at a picnic. A doctor on scene states that the patient was in cardiac arrest after the strike, but with one minute of CPR, has a heartbeat and weak respirations. The patient remains unresponsive. Which one of the fol
Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver.
After successfully rewarming a foot and frozen toes, the EMT should:
cover the foot and toes with dry, sterile dressings.
You have initiated the rewarming of a local cold injury to a patient's hand and fingers. On scene the patient had no sensation in his hand or fingers. Which one of the following statements is a cause of concern when made by the patient?
There is a little pain when I rub my fingers with my other hand.
When providing oxygen to a patient with a core temperature of 95 degrees and adequate breating, which one of the following is best?
Oxygen that is warmed and humidified via nonrebreather mask
An Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) quickly checks the breathing and pulse of a patient with Alzheimer's disease who has been sleeping outside in the cold for several hours. The EMR informs you that the patient grimaces to painful stimuli but is not brea
Let's re-perform the primary assessment, and this time take longer to assess for breathing and a pulse.
You are en route to the hospital with a patient who is unresponsive and has hot, dry skin. His friends state that he has been drinking and passed out in the hot sun for several hours before 911 was called. An Emergency Medical Responder is ventilating the
Place cold packs to the patient's groin and armpits.
A young male who was angry with friends wandered away from a party and spent the night outside uncovered in 40 to 50 degree temperatures. He is confused, has decreased but adequate breathing, and a weak radial pulse. His skin is cool and capillary refill
The patient's body temperature is most likely dangerously low.
You have been called to a residence for a patient who is sick. On scene the family tells you that the patient is being treated for the "stomach flu" and has had a fever of 102�F for the past two days. She has been taking all of the medications prescribed
patient's body is cooling itself by transferring heat into the sweat, which is then evaporated into the air.
You are giving a talk on hunting safety. A hunter asks you when one should attempt to rewarm a hand or foot that is frostbitten. Your best response should be:
Rewarming should only take place when there is no chance that the tissue will refreeze.
Medical direction has ordered you to begin rewarming an unresponsive patient with a core temperature of 93�F. Which one of the following measures would best benefit this patient?
Wrap the patient in several warm blankets.
At an in-service, your medical director asks if anyone can tell her the cause of heat cramps. What response would be most appropriate?
They are caused when the patient's electrolytes such as salt and calcium are lost and become too low in the body.
A young boy complains of pain to his fingers after spending several hours outside riding a sled in cold winter temperatures. After ensuring he has no life-threatening conditions, you turn your attention to his hands and note that the fingers are cold to t
Skin on the fingers that is soft but numb
Which one of the following patients is losing body heat by the mechanism of convection?
30-year-old male in cool temperature and exposed to a light breeze
You are called to a construction site on a hot and humid day for a male patient suffering a heat emergency. On scene you find a 49-year-old man who is responsive to verbal stimuli. Coworkers state that the patient has been moving concrete blocks all day i
Hot and dry skin
A young man has been struck by lightning on a golf course and is in cardiac arrest. Other golfers say that he was struck about 10 minutes ago. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Which one of the following best describes a patient suffering an environmental emergency?
Male patient who is intoxicated, has collapsed in the snow, and is complaining that he feels cold
A young female was weeding her garden when she was bitten on her left hand by an unidentified snake. The primary assessment does not reveal any life threats and vital signs are stable. In caring for this patient, it is critical that the EMT:
have the patient remove her wedding ring from her left hand.
The EMT shows that he understands the danger of heat stroke when he states:
In heat stroke, the body loses its ability to rid itself of excess heat, causing the core temperature to rise.
You have been called for a 78-year-old female who slipped while getting out of her bathtub. She is confused and cold to the touch. You learn that she must have slipped 24 hours ago and has been on the tile bathroom floor ever since. Since it is summer, sh
internal urban hypothermia with heat loss caused by conduction.
When obtaining a history of a five-year-old boy with generalized hypothermia, which one of the following questions should be asked first?
How long was he out in the cold?
You are accompanying a team of hikers climbing a high mountain. In the morning, you are summoned to a tent and find one of the climbers confused and complaining of a headache. His airway is patent and respirations adequate. He has no medical history and w
Provide high-flow oxygen.
A 31-year-old groundskeeper has been stung by wasps three times in his right arm and left ankle. After performing the primary and secondary assessments, what should you do next?
Attempt removal of any embedded stingers.
Which one of the following statements about immersion hypothermia is false?
Immersion hypothermia typically does not occur until the water temperature is below 35�F.
The EMT should recognize heat cramps as the probable cause of a patient's problem when the patient states:
I have pain in my belly and legs.
You have been called to a park for a teenage boy who is "sick." On scene you find a 16-year-old male who knows his name but is confused about place and time. Friends state that they have been playing basketball most of the morning and afternoon. The tempe
Place him supine on the stretcher with feet elevated.
You have been chosen by the medical director to give a 15-minute presentation on cold-related emergencies to a local volunteer fire department. In preparing the talk, which one of the following points should you emphasize?
Emergency responders play a critical role in caring for the hypothermic patient since the most important phase of care occurs during the first 30 minutes.
Which one of the following signs would present earliest in the hypothermic patient?
Shivering
A patient has been bitten by what appears to be a black widow spider. The bite to her left hand is dull and achy and she states that the muscles in her shoulders and back are starting to hurt. After ensuring that no life-threatening conditions are present
keep the hand below the level of the heart.
A 24-year-old female who was hiking in shorts informs you that she has been bitten by an insect on her leg. She states no other complaints. Assessment reveals a tick embedded in her leg. As an EMT, you should provide care to this patient by:
removing the tick with tweezers.
A patient who is conscious and breathing has been pulled from a stream of cold water. To decrease her loss of heat via the mechanism of conduction, the EMT should immediately:
remove her wet clothing.
You have been called to a residence for a spider bite. On scene the homeowner states that he was moving some boxes in his garage when he accidentally grabbed a spider and it bit him. He killed the spider and shows you a brown-colored spider with a "violin
You really need to go because the bite of that spider does not heal very well and will put you at risk for infection.
You have been called to a hunting camp for a patient with a severe localized cold injury to his hand and fingers. The patient is suffering no life-threatening conditions and you elect to rewarm the affected areas. Which one of the following would be appro
Thaw and rewarm the tissue as quickly as possible.
A 44-year-old female was hiking in a state park when she was bitten by a snake in her left calf. To get help, she had to hike four miles to the first-aid station where you are located. The hike took her one and a half hours. Your assessment reveals a red
You need to get checked out, but if venom was injected, the signs and symptoms of a generalized reaction typically appear very quickly.
You are providing a "stand-by" service at the county fair. About midmorning, a 50-year-old male patient approaches your tent and states that he was bitten in the right shoulder by some sort of insect and the pain is tremendous. Assessment reveals his shou
applying a cold pack to the site.
When moving a patient with severe generalized hypothermia, which one of the following instructions is most appropriate?
I want everyone to take extra care in moving her very gently to the stretcher. We do not want her to go into cardiac arrest.
Which one of the following patients would be the highest priority for transport?
19-year-old responsive to verbal stimuli with hot dry skin and tachycardia