How much water is in the body? Intracellular fluid, intravascular, interstitial?
60%. Intercellular 70%. Intravascular 5%. Interstitial 25%
What is V/Q match?
Ventilation/perfusion match
Define perfusion, hypoperfusion
Perfusion, supply of O2 to and removal of wastes from cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood.
Hypoperfusion, inadequate perfusion (shock)
Define shock
Inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood thru the capillaries
What does CHF stand for?
Congestive heart failure
Factors to stroke volume?
Preload, contracility, afterload
Minimum stroke vol?
60mL
How is cardiac output determined?
Multiply the stroke volume by the heart rate
Define preload
How much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction
Contracility
The force of contraction
Afterload
Function of the systemic vascular resistance
What are electrolytes?
Substances that, when dissolved in water separate into charged particles.
Define stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Define ureters
Tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
Define urethra
Tube connecting the penis/vagina for the excretion of urine
Define Fallopian tubes
Transports ovum to uterus
What is sepsis?
Systemic infections
What is SVR?
Systemic vascular resistance
Define anterior
Front of body/body part
Define posterior
Back of body/ body part
Define superior
Toward the head
Define inferior
Away from the head
Define autonomic nervous system
Division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
Define parasympathetic nervous system
Rest/relaxed response
Define sympathetic nervous system
Fight/flight response
What is fight or flight?
Engaged when body is in a crisis.
What is Graves' disease?
Condition in which the thyroid gland overproduces it's hormone.
What is plasma on optic pressure?
The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstram
Difference between zygomatic arch and eye orbit?
Zygomatic arch is your cheek bones, eye orbit is the bones surrounding the eye socket
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push out of the vessel
Arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Oxygenated
Where does gas exchange take place?
Capillaries and alveoli
Define dehydration
Abnormally low amount of water in the body
Define edema
Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
What is minute volume?
The amount of air breathed in during respiration X the number of breaths/min
What is dead air space?
Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
What does the liver do?
Produces bile.
What does epinephrine do?
Dilates respiratory passages and is used for severe allergic reactions
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
Define upper airway
Above the trachea
Define lower airway
Below trachea
Endocrine dysfunction
Too many hormones/ not even hormones
Define pathophysiology
Study of how disease processes affect he function of the body
Aerobic metabolism
Metabolized energy WITH oxygen
Anaerobic metabolism
Metabolized energy WITHOUT oxygen
Blood goes to the aorta from where?
Left ventricle
Digestive tract
Food enters mouth > broken down by saliva/chewing > oropharynx > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine (colon)
What are the skin functions
Protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, shock absorption
Define the pulmonary veins
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Define diaphragm
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
What's the pancreas?
Produces insulin and juices to assist in digestion of food
What's the spleen?
Blood filtration system and reservoir for blood reserves
Femur
Large thigh bone
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm
Ulna
Medial bone of the forearm
Anatomy
Study of the structure of the body
Physiology
Study of body function
Why does the body perspire?
Homeostasis. Regulate body temperature
Trendelenburg position
Patient is lying with head slightly lower than the feet
Fowler position
Patient is seated at a 45 to 60 deg angle
Semi-fowlers position
Leaning back in a semi-sitting position
Where is the mandible?
Lower jaw
Types of muscle?
Voluntary (skeletal), involuntary (smooth), cardiac
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
How many vertebrae are there?
33
Name all the foot bones
Tarsals, metatarsals, calcaneus, phalanges
What is the anatomy of the heart?
Right and left atrium. Right and left ventricles. Tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve
Anatomical position
Standing, facing forward, with palms forward
What does the adrenal gland secrete?
Adrenaline
Hypo
Below normal, low
Tachy-
Rapid
Inhalation active or passive process?
Active
Exhalation passive or active?
Passive (relax)
Cell membrane
Protects and selectively allows water and other substances into and out of the cell
Cricoid cartilage
Ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Stretch receptors
Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
Chemoreceptors
Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The urinary system does what?
Filters waste products out of the blood and removed them from the body
Hypercapnia
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
What does blood do?
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
RUQ
Liver
Right kidney
Colon
Pancreas
Gallbladder
LUQ
Liver
Spleen
Left kidney
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas
RLQ
Right kidney
Colon
Small intestines
Major artery and vein to the right leg
Ureter
Appendix
LLQ
Left kidney
Colon
Small intestines
Major artery and vein to left leg
Ureter
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate
Xiphoid process
Lower portion of the sternum
Respiratory anatomy difference between child and adult
Child has smaller nose and mouth.
In child, more space is taken up by tongue.
Child's trachea is narrower.
Cricoid cartilage is less developed.
Airway structures are easily obstructed.
Heart muscle
Cardiac conduction system
Aorta
Largest artery in the body. Transports blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.
Cardiopulmonary
Relating to heart and lungs.
Acromioclavicular
Joint at top of the shoulder
Spinal column
33 vertebrae. Provides structure and support for the body, houses and protects spinal cord
Medical term for tail bone
Coccyx
Metabolism
Cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
Amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the air
79% nitrogen 21% oxygen
hemoglobin contains what
Oxygen
Medulla oblongata
Part of the brain that controls autonomic functions
Recovery position
Laying on your side
Why do we use medical terminology?
To communicate easily to other medical perfessionals