BMTC EMT Mod 1 Test Review

How much water is in the body? Intracellular fluid, intravascular, interstitial?

60%. Intercellular 70%. Intravascular 5%. Interstitial 25%

What is V/Q match?

Ventilation/perfusion match

Define perfusion, hypoperfusion

Perfusion, supply of O2 to and removal of wastes from cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood.
Hypoperfusion, inadequate perfusion (shock)

Define shock

Inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood thru the capillaries

What does CHF stand for?

Congestive heart failure

Factors to stroke volume?

Preload, contracility, afterload

Minimum stroke vol?

60mL

How is cardiac output determined?

Multiply the stroke volume by the heart rate

Define preload

How much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction

Contracility

The force of contraction

Afterload

Function of the systemic vascular resistance

What are electrolytes?

Substances that, when dissolved in water separate into charged particles.

Define stroke volume

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

Define ureters

Tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder

Define urethra

Tube connecting the penis/vagina for the excretion of urine

Define Fallopian tubes

Transports ovum to uterus

What is sepsis?

Systemic infections

What is SVR?

Systemic vascular resistance

Define anterior

Front of body/body part

Define posterior

Back of body/ body part

Define superior

Toward the head

Define inferior

Away from the head

Define autonomic nervous system

Division of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions

Define parasympathetic nervous system

Rest/relaxed response

Define sympathetic nervous system

Fight/flight response

What is fight or flight?

Engaged when body is in a crisis.

What is Graves' disease?

Condition in which the thyroid gland overproduces it's hormone.

What is plasma on optic pressure?

The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstram

Difference between zygomatic arch and eye orbit?

Zygomatic arch is your cheek bones, eye orbit is the bones surrounding the eye socket

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push out of the vessel

Arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Oxygenated

Where does gas exchange take place?

Capillaries and alveoli

Define dehydration

Abnormally low amount of water in the body

Define edema

Swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

What is minute volume?

The amount of air breathed in during respiration X the number of breaths/min

What is dead air space?

Air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

What does the liver do?

Produces bile.

What does epinephrine do?

Dilates respiratory passages and is used for severe allergic reactions

What is tidal volume?

Volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

Define upper airway

Above the trachea

Define lower airway

Below trachea

Endocrine dysfunction

Too many hormones/ not even hormones

Define pathophysiology

Study of how disease processes affect he function of the body

Aerobic metabolism

Metabolized energy WITH oxygen

Anaerobic metabolism

Metabolized energy WITHOUT oxygen

Blood goes to the aorta from where?

Left ventricle

Digestive tract

Food enters mouth > broken down by saliva/chewing > oropharynx > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine (colon)

What are the skin functions

Protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, shock absorption

Define the pulmonary veins

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

What are the layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Define diaphragm

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

What's the pancreas?

Produces insulin and juices to assist in digestion of food

What's the spleen?

Blood filtration system and reservoir for blood reserves

Femur

Large thigh bone

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm

Anatomy

Study of the structure of the body

Physiology

Study of body function

Why does the body perspire?

Homeostasis. Regulate body temperature

Trendelenburg position

Patient is lying with head slightly lower than the feet

Fowler position

Patient is seated at a 45 to 60 deg angle

Semi-fowlers position

Leaning back in a semi-sitting position

Where is the mandible?

Lower jaw

Types of muscle?

Voluntary (skeletal), involuntary (smooth), cardiac

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

How many vertebrae are there?

33

Name all the foot bones

Tarsals, metatarsals, calcaneus, phalanges

What is the anatomy of the heart?

Right and left atrium. Right and left ventricles. Tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve

Anatomical position

Standing, facing forward, with palms forward

What does the adrenal gland secrete?

Adrenaline

Hypo

Below normal, low

Tachy-

Rapid

Inhalation active or passive process?

Active

Exhalation passive or active?

Passive (relax)

Cell membrane

Protects and selectively allows water and other substances into and out of the cell

Cricoid cartilage

Ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Stretch receptors

Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

Chemoreceptors

Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

The urinary system does what?

Filters waste products out of the blood and removed them from the body

Hypercapnia

Too much carbon dioxide in the blood

FiO2

Fraction of inspired oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

What does blood do?

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

RUQ

Liver
Right kidney
Colon
Pancreas
Gallbladder

LUQ

Liver
Spleen
Left kidney
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas

RLQ

Right kidney
Colon
Small intestines
Major artery and vein to the right leg
Ureter
Appendix

LLQ

Left kidney
Colon
Small intestines
Major artery and vein to left leg
Ureter

Tachycardia

Fast heart rate

Xiphoid process

Lower portion of the sternum

Respiratory anatomy difference between child and adult

Child has smaller nose and mouth.
In child, more space is taken up by tongue.
Child's trachea is narrower.
Cricoid cartilage is less developed.
Airway structures are easily obstructed.

Heart muscle

Cardiac conduction system

Aorta

Largest artery in the body. Transports blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.

Cardiopulmonary

Relating to heart and lungs.

Acromioclavicular

Joint at top of the shoulder

Spinal column

33 vertebrae. Provides structure and support for the body, houses and protects spinal cord

Medical term for tail bone

Coccyx

Metabolism

Cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

Amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the air

79% nitrogen 21% oxygen

hemoglobin contains what

Oxygen

Medulla oblongata

Part of the brain that controls autonomic functions

Recovery position

Laying on your side

Why do we use medical terminology?

To communicate easily to other medical perfessionals