3 sections of the small intestine (explain
duodenum-where digestive juices from the pancrese and liver mix together, releases amylase(responsible for breaking down starches into sugar)
jejunum-major role in the absorption of digestive products,compromises much of the surface area of the small inte
Adomnial cavity contains(3 things)
-Gastrointestinal system
Genital system
Urinary system
Solid organs Vs hollow organs
Damage to solid cuases shock , whie daamge to hollow causes contents to leak and contaminate abdominal cavity
Solid organ:
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidneys
Ovaries
Hollow organ:
Gallbladder
Somach
Small intesetine
Large intestine
Urinary Bladder
Colon(use and explain)
-Food that isn't used comes here
-Peristalsis moves waste through intestines
-WAter is absorbed
-Stool is formed
Spleen(explain)
-No digestive function
-Part of the lymphatic system
assists in filtering blood
develops red blood cells
blood reservior
produce antibodies
Kidneys(explain)
-lie on posterior wall of abdomen
-regulate acidity and blood rpessure
-rid body of toxic waste
-blood flow is high in kidneys
-plays a mjoar orle in homeostasis
-eliminate waste from blood
Pertinoeum(explain)
The lining of the abdominal cavity
-covers abdominal organs
-parietal peritoneum lines abdominal cavity
-supplied by same taht supply skin of abdomen
-visceral peritoneum covers organs
-supplied by autonomic nervous system
-Foregin material can irritate p
Peritonitis(Explain)
-irritation of peritoneum and typically causes ileus
-Ileus:Paralysis of uscular contractions
-retained gas and feces cause distention
-stomach empties by emesis(vomiting)
Pain:anywhere in hte abdominal area
Diverticulitis and Cholecystitis(explain)
-Diverticulitis:inflammation of abnormal pockets at weak areas in lining of colon
-caused by fecal matter that gets caught in colon walls
-fever ,malaise ,body aches,chills
Pain:left lower quadrant
Cholecystitis:inflammation of the gallbladder
Pain:right
Ulcers(explain)
-Protective layer of mucus lining erodes
-May lead to gastric bleeding
-Some heal without intervention
Pain:Upper midabdomen or upper part of back
Gallstones(explain)
-Gallbladder stores digestive juices and waste from liver
-Gallstones may form and block outlet
-cuase pain
-lead to cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancrease
-caused by obstructing gallstone,alcohol abuse, or other disease
signs and symptoms
-referred back pain ,nausea, vomiting,abdominal distention
-sepsis or hemorrhage may occur
Pain:Upper abdomen(both Quadrants)'back
Appendcitis(explain)
inflammation or infection in the appendix
nausea ,vomiting,fever ,chills
Symptom: Right lower quadrant(direct);aroudn naval;rebounding pain(pain felt after palpation
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage(explain)
-bleeding within gastrointestinal tract
may be acute or chronic
Esophagitis(explain)
-Lining of esophagus becomes inflamed by infection or acids from the stomach
-pain in swallowign ,heartburn,nausea,vomiting,sores in mouth
Esophageal varices (explain)
-capillary network in eophagus leaks
-fatigue ,weight loss,jaundice,anorexia
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (explain)
-Junction between esophagus and stomach tears causign severe bleeding
-vomiting is principal symptom
Gastroenteritis
-infection from bacterial or viral organisms in contaminated food or water
-Diarrhea
Hemorrhoids(explain)
-created by swelling and inflammation of blood vessels surrounding rectum
-bright red blood during defecation
Cystitis(explain)
bladder infection , common(UTI)
-caused by bacterial infection
-becomes serious if infection spreads to kidneys
-reports of urgency and frequency of urination
pain:lower midabdomen
acute vs chronic kidney failure
Acute
-sudden decrease in kidney function
-reversible with prompt diagnosis and treatment
chronic
-irreversible
-progressive ,develops over months/years
-eventually dialysis or transplant is required
Hernia
-Protrusion of an organ through an opening into a body cavity where it does not belong
-may not always produce noticeable mass or lump
-strangulation is a serious medical emergency
Signs and symptoms
-a formerly reducibl mass that is no longer reducible
-
The ___ lies in the retroperitoneal space
-liver
-pancrease
-stomach
-small intestine
Pancrease
Which of the following is not a solid organ
liver
spleen
kidney
gallbladder
Gallbladder
A 34 year old woman with a recent history of pelvic inflammatory disesae presents with acute sever abdominal pain. Her abdomen is distended and diffusely ender to palpation. Based on yoru findings thus far,you should suspect:
Peritonitis
pancreatitis
appe
Peritonitis
Most Patients with an acute abdomen present with:
dyspnea
diarrhea
hypotension
tachycardia
Tachycardia
Which of the following signs or symptoms would you be the Least likely to find in a patient with an acute abdomen?
Rapid,shallow breathing
Soft,nondistended abdomen
Tachycardia and restlessness
Constipation or diarrhea
Soft,nondistended abdomen
A condition in which a person experiences a loss of appetite is called:
Ileus
colic
emesis
anorexia
anorexia
The medical term for inflamation of hte urinary bladder is:
cystitis
nephritis
cholecystitis
diverticulitis
Cystitis
If a hernia is incarcerated and the contents are so greatly compressed that circulation is compromised ,the hernia is said to be:
reduced
ruptured
strangulated
hypoxemic
Strangulated
A 70 yr old man presents with an acute onset of severe ,tearing abdominal pain that radiates to his back. HIs BP is 88/66 mm Hg ,pulse rate is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 26 breaths/min.Treatment for this patient should include:
Rapid transport to
rapid transport to the hospital
In which position do most patients with acute abdominal pain prefer to be transported?
Sitting with head elevated 45degree
supine with ther legs elevated 12'
on their side with their knees flexed
Fowler's position with their legs straight
On their side with their knees flexed