According to the terminal drop hypothesis
mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death
Age related changes in the renal system result in
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible
at what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children
10 to 18 months
factors thar contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following EXCEPT
increased surface area available for air exchange
in late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
the anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of
9 and 18 months
the decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to
atherosclerosis
which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9 month old infant
places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself away
which of the following statements regarding an infants vital signs is correct
an infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's
why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age
decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
You are assessing a 13 month old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting, while you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she
responds to her name but is fearful for your presence
An 81 year old female fell and struck her head, you find the patient lying on her side. she is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. as you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine, what is the MOST appropriate met
leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard
an unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. he is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma and s complaining of neck and back pain. before removing him from his car you should
apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest style device
in the most instances you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by
pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot
in which of the following situations would a direct ground life be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient
a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain
situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all the following except
a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle
the direct carry is used to transfer a patient
from a bed to the ambulance stretcher
the extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient
with a deformed humerus
to avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should
avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended
when carrying a patient up and down stairs, you should avoid
using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible
when performing the rapid extrication technique to remove the patient from his or her vehicle, you should
apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard
which is the most appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher
draw sheet method
which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct
A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column
you and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. there is no evidence of trauma. as you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. which of t
rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag
you should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than____ recuers, regardless of individual strength
four
a 29 year old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. his Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score is
13
a 40 year old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. he is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. you should
open his airway with the jaw thrust maneuver
a 40 year old male presents with pain to the upper quadrant of his abdomen. he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs, during your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. you should suspect
liver dysfunction
a 71 year old female slipped on a rug and fell. she is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. which of the following is NOT indicated for this p
Gentile palpation of the pelvis
a blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patients arm will give a
falsely high systolic and diastolic reading
a crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called
subcutaneous emphysema
a patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. his head and him are thrust forward this position indicates that he
is experiencing difficulty breathing
a patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched is said to be
responsive to painful stimuli
a patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is
flushed and red
a patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being
diaphoretic
a patients short term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding
date and event
a properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover
two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease at the elbow
a pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be
regular
after performing a head tilt chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse you should
suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct
after performing a primary assessment a rapid exam of the body should be performed to
identify less obvious injuries that require immediate treatment
an adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will
be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses
as time progresses following a significant injury
the body ability to compensate for shock decreases
as you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should
maintain stabilization of the head
clinical signs of labored breathing include all the following EXCEPT
shallow chest movement
cyanosis of the skin is causes by
decreased blood oxygen
during a 30 min transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least______ times
2
for an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between
60 and 100 beats/min
if you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnesses you should
immediately begin CPR
in responsive patients who are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the______ artery
radial
in the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than ____ beats/min and the tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than___ beats/min
60,100
in which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?
a 59 year old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath
jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is
sitting up at a 45 degree angle
normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be
pink, warm, and dry
pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be
radiating
palliating factors regarding a patients pain involve those that
alleviate the pain
poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear
ashen
supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients
with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume
the "golden hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when
the patient receives definitive care
the diastolic blood pressure represents the
minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries
the goal of the systematic head to toe exam that is performed during the secondary assessment is to
locate injuries not found in the primary assessment
the systematic head to toe assessment should be performed on
patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients
upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene you should
ensure that you are safe
upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine the scene is safe. you enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in respiratory distress. your first action should be to
introduce yourself to the patient
when a patients respirations are shallow
tidal volume is markedly reduced
when assessing a 62 year old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. you should administer supplemental oxygen if needed and then
transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit
when assessing a patients abdomen you will evaluate for all of the following EXCEPT
subcutaneous emphysema
when assessing motor function in a conscious patients lower extremities, you should expect the patient to
wiggle his or her toes on command
when assessing the skin of an unresponsive patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. this finding is called
cyanosis
when auscultating the blood pressure in a patients upper extremity, you should place the head of the stethoscope over the______ artery
brachial
when interviewing a patient you can show him or her that you understand the situation by
repeating statements back to him or her
when palpating a patients pulse you note that it is grossly irregular you should
count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading
when palpating a patients pulse you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. this indicates that the pulse is
rapid
when palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient you should
avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously
when performing the secondary assessment on trauma patient you note the presence of battle sign this is defined as
bruising behind the ear
when using the pulse oximeter as a part of you assessment of the patient, it is important to remember that
any situation that causes vasoconstrictions or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value
when you assess capillary refill time in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within
2 seconds
when you inspect a patients pupils with a penlight the pupils should normally react to the light by
constricting
when you use the palpation method to obtain blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the
systolic blood pressure
which of the following ambrosial breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway
stridor
which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patients altered mental status
blood glucose level
which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patients pulse rate to be slower than normal?
beta blocker medications
which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway
forceful coughing
which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse
place the tips of you index and long fingers over the pulse point
which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs
auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope
which of the following medical history question would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation
does your mother have diabetes?
which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall
only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls
which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history
i was mowing the lawn when the pain began
which of the following questions is used to determine a patients chief complaint
what seems to be the matter?
which of the following questions would you ask you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history
how much tylenol do you take each day?
which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients
seesaw breathing
which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport
severe chest pain an cool, pale skin
which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct
it is a high pitched, crowing upper airway sound
which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is correct
blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age
which of the following would the EMT likely NOT perform on responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life threatening conditions
systematic head to toe examination
while evaluating a patient with pain your partner tells you that the patients blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. the lower number represents the pressure from the
ventricles relaxing
with regard to the assessment of a patients cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is most reliable in
patients who are younger than 6 years of age
you are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick". when you arrive you find the patient, a 33 year old male, unresponsive, his airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. your initial action should be to
provide assisted ventilation
you receive a call to a daycare center for an unresponsive 8 month old infant. upon arrival you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. your next action should be to
assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds
you should gently palpate a paitents pelvis only if
the patient does not complain of pelvic pain