The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:
continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.
An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n):
paramedic.
Continuing education in EMS serves to:
HIPAA
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on; the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing tr
put on high-visibility safety vests.
Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?
The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously.
You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:
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acceptance
Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called:
assault.
As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:
A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.
When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:
exercise reasonable care and act prudently.
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?
Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment?
A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT.
Expressed
You are dispatched to a middle school for a 16-year-old female experiencing an asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in severe respiratory distress. The school nurse informs you that she has tried several times to contact the patient's parents bu
begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.
Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:
As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should:
respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.
Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________.
verbal and nonverbal communication techniques
Ethnocentrism is defined as:
When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:
not disclosing his or her name.
When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be:
brief and easily understood.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?
Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct?
A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.
Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response?
Open-ended questions
You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.
slander
A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:
distal forearm.
A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:
bilateral.
A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the ___________ position:
Fowler's
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?
Prone
In relation to the chest, the back is:
posterior.
Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:
Abduction
Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order.
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
The bones of the forearm are called the:
radius and ulna.
The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.
7
Trendelenburg's position is MOST accurately defined as a:
supine position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" higher than the head.
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF.
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
diaphragm
The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
hypoxic drive.
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:
epiglottis.
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
pulmonary veins.
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
carbon dioxide and water.
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
5
What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?
subcutaneous
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.
78, 120
Children of which age group are considered toddlers?
1-3 years
Older adults frequently ___________.
take multiple medications
fontanelles
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
70 to 120 beats/min.
The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.
normal
When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the:
It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.
decontaminate
The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:
The proper technique for using the power grip is to:
Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct?
with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.
How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?
It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane.
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the:
reservoir bag is fully inflated.
Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:
suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.
The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).
2,000
To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:
corner of the mouth to the earlobe.
A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:
may cause harm or have no positive effect.
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:
blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?
sublingually
The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.
dose
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:
the study of drugs and their actions on the body.
0.4 mg
What medication form does oral glucose come in?
gel
Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?
intravenous (IV)
Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?
transcutaneous
A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should:
prepare for immediate transport.
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
absent peripheral pulses
Distributive shock occurs when:
widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
Neurogenic shock occurs when
failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:
cardiogenic shock
Shock is the result of:
Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:
psychogenic shock.
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that:
blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock
tachycardia.
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?
a 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:
In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:
In contrast to the assessment of a trauma patient, assessment of a medical patient:
cough
Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:
repeating the primary assessment.
The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:
after the primary assessment has been completed.
You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:
manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.
Emphysema
wheezing
In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
alveoli
Angina pectoris occurs when:
dependent edema
A generalized seizure is characterized by:
severe twitching of all the body's muscles
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.
When obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:
when the patient last appeared normal.
Which of the following is NOT an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?
memory
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
confusion and fatigue
a ruptured cerebral artery.
suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen.
monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
aortic aneurysm
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:
referred pain
Solid abdominal organs include the:
The parietal peritoneum lines the:
walls of the abdominal cavity
Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?
Liver
You are transporting a 49-year-old male with "tearing" abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment, you determine that the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should:
consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit
diabetic ketoacidosis
Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:
polyphagia.
Insulin functions in the body by:
enabling glucose to enter the cells
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
Type 1 diabetes:
Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
sympathetic
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)