Roots
The foundations of words and are not used by themselves
Cardi-
Is the root word for heart
Neur-
Is the root word for Nerve
Nas-
Is the root word for Nasal or Nose
Or-
Is the root word for oral/mouth
Hyper-
Is a PREFIX that means: Above Normal or High
Hypo-
is a PREFIX that means Below Normal or Low
Tachy-
Is a PREFIX that means Above Normal or Rapid
Brady-
Is a PREFIX that means Below Normal or Slow
-ology
Is a SUFFIX that means: the study of
-ist
Is a SUFFIX that means: one who specializes in the field of study
CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CHF
Chronic Heart Failure
When to avoid using Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Medical Terminology
When talking to a Patient or their Family
Myocardial Infraction (MI)
Heart Attack
Anatomy
Study of Body Structure
Physiology
Study of Body Function
Anatomical Position
The Standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy
Sagittal or Median planes
When you slice the body down the middle to create two side by side halves
Frontal or Coronal planes
When you slice the body into two halves; front and back.
Transverse or Horizontal planes
When you slice the body into two halves; Top and Bottom
Midline
The body created by drawing a line down the center of the body from the head to the naval or to divide the body into right or left halves
Medial
Position closer to the midline
Lateral
Position further away from the midline
Bilateral
Both sides of the Midline affected
Anterior
The term used for the front of the body
Posterior
The term used for the back of the body
Ventral
Synonym for Anterior
Dorsal
Synonym for Posterior
Superior
Means farther up the body from a point of interest
Inferior
Means Lower down the body from a point of interest
Proximal
Means closer to the torso
Distal
Further from the torso
Palmar
Referring to the palm of the hand
Plantar
Referring to the bottom of the feet
Abdominal Quadrants
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
RUQ
Right Upper Quadrant
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
LLQ
Left Lower Quadrant
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant
Supine Position
Patient on its back
Prone Position
Patient lying on its abdomen
Lateral Recumbent Position
Recovery Position; Used when there is possible vomit or fluids that could block air flow to the lungs
Fowler Position
Patient is seated at 45-60 degree angle
Musculoskeletal System
Extends to all parts of the body
Muscle
Tissue that contracts to allow the movement of a body part
Tendon
Tissue that connects bone to bone
Ligaments
Tissue that connects Muscle to Bone
Musculoskeletal System Functions
To give the body shape; To protect vital internal organs; and To provide for body movement
What is the thorax?
The Chest
Cervical Division has how many vertebrae
Seven
Thoracic Division has how many vertebrae
Twelve
Lumbar Division has how many Vertebrae
Five
Sacral Division has how many Vertebrae
Five
Coccyx Division has how many Vertebrae
Four
Cervical Division Corresponds with what anatomical region?
Neck
Thoracic Division Corresponds with what anatomical region?
Thorax, Ribs, Upper Back
Lumbar Division Corresponds with what anatomical region?
Lower Back
Sacral Division Corresponds with what anatomical region?
Back wall of Pelvis
Coccyx Division Corresponds with what anatomical region?
Tailbone
Pelvis
The hip bone
Femur
The largest bone in the body that connects to the Pelvis
Patella
Kneecap
Tibia
the medial larger lower leg bone
Fibula
the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Malleolus
Landmarks on each side of the Ankle
Tarsals
The bones that make up the ankle
Metatarsals
The bones that make up the foot bones
Phalanges
Fingers and/or Toes
Clavicle
Collarbone
Scapula
Shoulder blades
Humerus
The bone between the shoulder and elbow
Radius and Ulna
The two bones between the elbow and the hand
Carpal
the several bones that make up the wrist
Metacarpals
the bones that make up the hands
Respiration
The movement of gases between the cells and blood
Cardiovascular System
Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Circulatory system
Also known as the Cardiovascular System
Atria
The two upper chambers of the heart
Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart
Cardiac Conduction System
The hearts natural Pacemaker; Specialized Muscle Tissues, to conduct electrical pulses to stimulate the hearts beat.
Artery
The Vessel that carries the blood away from the heart
Coronary Arteries
Branch off from the Aorta to supply the heart muscle with blood
What causes chest pain
Damage, Severe Narrowing, or blockage to the Coronary Arteries
Aorta
The largest artery in the body
Pulmonary Artery
Carries poor-oxygenated blood to the lungs
Carotid Artery
Major artery in the neck; carries the main supply of blood to the head
Dorsalis pedis artery
is the artery directly ontop of the foot
If a victim/patient has no dorsalis pedis pulse this could mean?
That they have Femoral artery blockage and/or injury to it.
Femoral Artery
The major artery of the thigh that supports the lower part of your body with blood
Capillaries
Are tiny blood vessels that are found throughout the body
Vein
Carries blood from the capillaries to the heart
Pulmonary Vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Plasma
Fluid that makes up half the volume of blood
RBC
Red blood cells, carries O2 to tissues and CO2 away from tissues
WBC
White blood cells; Destroy microorganisms (IE: Germs) and produces antibodies to resist the infection
Platelets
Help clot the blood at the site of an injury
Pulse
Forms when a wave of blood from the left ventricles contraction
Core Arteries
Carotid and Femoral
Perfusion
The removal of waste products and the adequate supply of oxygen through nutrients to organs and tissues
Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure from the left ventricle that forces blood into circulation causing pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The remaining pressure after the left ventricle relaxes and refills
Cardiopulmonary System
Made up of the Respiratory System and Cardiovascular Systems
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
What are necessary to Cells
Glucose and Oxygen
Aerobic Metabolism
When glucose is converted because oxygen is present
Anaerobic Metabolism
When oxygen is not present in sufficient supply
Lactic Acid is the direct cause of
Anaerobic Metabolism
V/Q Match
When coupling of a sufficient amount of air with an sufficient amount of blood
Ventilation Perfusion Match
Also Known as V/Q Match
Nervous System
transmits impulses that govern sensation, movement, and thoughts
What controls the bodies Voluntary and Involuntary activity
The Nervous System
CNS
Central Nervous System
What is the CNS composed of
The Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
What is PNS composed of
Two nerves called Sensory and Motor
Motor Nerves do what
Carry messages from the brain to the body
Sensory nerves do what
When you touch something (IE: Hot, Cold, Sharp, Ect.) transmits to the brain and spinal cord to take immediate action
Autonomic Nervous System
Division of PNS; that controls the involuntary motor functions that affect heart rate and/or digestion
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Engages in time of relaxation and increases blood flow to the digestive or reproductive system/organs.
When is it proper to use Medical terminology
When talking to other Medical staff
Prefix
The beginning of a word that describes/qualifies the root
Suffix
The end of the word that describes the meaning
Diaphoresis
To produce sweat profucely or excessively
The renal system helps regulate PH
It does regulate PH
Integumentary System
Consists primarily of skin
Spleen
Acts as the filtrition system for the blood
Skin
Serves as the barrier to keep out microoragnisms, debris, and unwanted chemicals
Temperature Regulation in the Integumentary System
Blood vessels that the skin dialates to carry more blood to the skin and allowing the heat to radiate from the body
Sweat Glands
Production of persperation that will evaporate and help cool the body
The fat layer beneath the skin serves as what
A thermal insulator
Secreation
the releasing of salts and excess water
Epidermis
The outter layer of the skin
Shock Absorption
The skin and layers of fat that help protect the underlying organs from minor impacts and pressures
Dermis
The layer of skin underneath the Epidermis
What is rich with blood vessels, specialized nerves and structures
Dermis
Subcuntaneous Layers
The layers of fat and soft tissue below the epidermis
Shock absorption is the main funtion of this layer
Subcantaneous Layers
Endocrine System
Produces hormones that help regulate the bodies activities and functions
Chemicals the Endocrine System produces
Hormone
What is the key organ of the Endocrine System
Pancreas
What hormone does the Pancreas produce
Insulin
What does Insulin do
Breaks down glucose to fuel the body
Adrenal Glands secrete
Epinephrine and Norepinephraine
What is the essential component of the endocrine system
Adrenal Glands
Urinary System is also referred to as
Renal system
Renal System
Helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust pH levels
What does the bladder recieve urine from the kidneys from
Ureters
Urethra
Excretes urine to the outside world from the bladder
What are the main Male Reproductive system
Testes and Penis
What are the main Female Reproductive System
Ovaries and Vagina
Hyperfusion is also known as
Shock
The smallest branch of the artery
Arteriole
Inhalation
The active process; That pulls air to the lungs
Exhalation
The passive process; pushes the air out of the lungs with the blood reoxygented
Orophanyx
The Mouth; One part of the Respiratory system that air comes directly into
Nasopharnyx
The Nose; The other palce the Respiratory System has air come through
Epiglottis
It closes over the trachea that prevents food and foreign objects from entering the trachea
Larnyx
The voice box, that contains the vocal chords
Trachea
windpine; carries the inhaled air from the larnyx to the lungs
Diaphram
The structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
Ventilation
The movement of gases to and from the alveoli
MOOD or MOD
Medical Officer of the Day
NOOD or NOD
Nurse of the day
BP
Blood Pressure
The four types of basic tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
What are the breakdowns of the colon
Ascending, Transverse, Decending
Small Intestine is made up of
Dwadenum, Jejunum, Illium
How many true ribs are there
Seven
How many False Ribs are there
Three
How many floating ribs are there
Two
How many sets of ribs are there
Twelve
What Differences are there between the Children and Adult airways
Children have bigger tounges, Smaller straighter tracheas, and cricroid has more cartilage
Asphyxia
Not being able to breathe
Atelectasis
Collapsed Lung