which of the following injuries would most likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?
a. aortic rupture
b. flail chest
c. extremity fractures
d. forehead lacerations
a.
a young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. as your partner is assessing/managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:
a. assess for an exit wound
b. apply a cervical colla
a.
in contrast to a level 3 trauma center, a level 1 trauma center must:
a. be involved in trauma prevention progs
b. have general surgeons that are in house 24/day
c. have access to an emerg. physician within 30 min
d. be able to stabilize pts before transf
b
2 of the most common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:
a. gunshot wounds, vehicle ejections
b. falls, motor vehicle collisions
c. low caliber gunshot wounds, falls
d. motor vehicle collisions, stabbings
b
with regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct?
a. it provides the least amt of info about the mechanism of injury
b. it occurs when the unrestrained
d
the driver of a sports utility vehicle lost control and struck a pole head-on. the driver was killed instantly. the passenger is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions, lacerations to her left forearm. treatment for the passenger should inclu
c
force acting over a distance defines the concept of:
a. potential energy
b. latent energy
c. work
d. kinetic energy
c.
approx. 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during
a. rear end collisions
b. lateral collisions
c. frontal collisions
d. rollover collisions
b.
which of the following interventions is the most critical to the outcome of a pt. with multsystem trauma?
a. elevation of lower extremities
b. rapid transport to a trauma center
c. early admin. of oxygen
d. IV fluid admin.
b
when eval. the mechanism of injury of a car vs. pedestrian collision, you should first:
a. approx. speed of vehicle that struck the pedestrian
b. eval. the vehicle that struck the pt. for structural damage
c. determine if pt. was propelled away from vehic
a.
cervical spine is most protected from whiplash type injuries when the:
a. airbag correctly deploys upon impact
b. pt. tenses up a the time of impact
c. rear end of the vehicle is intially struck
d. headrest is appropriately positioned.
d.
when caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is most important to:
a. realize that the a.b. malfunctioned at the time of impact
b. suspect that the pt. may have experienced serious injurie
d.
when the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amt. of kinetic energy:
a. quadruples
b. doubles
c. is not affected
d. triples
a. quadruples
when assessing a pt. who experienced a blast injury, it's important to remember that:
a. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave
b. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked
c. secondary blast injuries " "
d. primary blast injuries
b.
your pt. has a GCS score of 13, a sys. BP of 80 mmHg, and a resp rate of 8 breaths/min, his revised trauma score (RTS) is:
a. 10
b. 11
c. 9
d. 8
c.
when treating a pt. who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:
a. use a demand valve to ventilate the pt.
b. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade
c. admin. lg. amts. of IV fluid
d. avoid giving oxygen under pos. pressure
d.
a 30 year old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. during your assessment you should be most alert for:
a. damage to internal structures
b. injury to the cervical spine
c. potential airway compromise
d. alterat
c.
accdg. to the amer. college of surgeons, an adult trauma pt. meets level 1 criteria if he/she:
a. has a gcs score of less than or equal to 8
b. was involved in an mvc in which another pt in the same vehicle was killed
c. has a bleeding disorder
d. has a s
a.
which of the following statements regrading low energy penetrating injuries is correct?
a. it is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance and an exit wound
b. exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low energy penetrating injuries
c. intern
d.
air bags are designed to:
a. prevent 2nd collision insie the car
b. prevent driver from sustaining head trauma
c. be used with/without a shoulder harness
d. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries
d.
if a person is standing near a building when it explodes which of the following inj. would he/she most likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?
a. severe burns
b. impaled objects
c. fractured bones
d. stomach rupture
d.
by what mech. is a person injured when he/she falls from a significant height?
a. kinetic energy converted to poten. energy; poten. energy is then converted into work of bring body to a stop
b. as person falls, amt of kinetic energy is converted to work,
d.
a driver involved in a rollover MVC will most likely experience serious injuries/death if he/she:
a. remains within vehicle
b. is ejected/partially ejected
c. experiences multiple impact
d. is only wearing a lapbelt
b.
what types of mvc's present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?
a. frontal, rotational
b. lateral, rollover
c. rear end, rotational
d. rotational, rollover
d.
accdg to aams, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma pt. if
a. ground transport will take your amb. out of service etc etc
b. the patient requires als and stabilization and the nearest als ground amb is more than 5-10 mins away
c. traffic
c.
when a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but isn't wearing a belt, he will most likely strike the ____ when the air bag deploys upon impact
door
internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because:
a. caliber of bullet is unknown
b. exit wounds caused are usually small
c. area of damage is smaller than bullet
d. bullet may tumble/ricochet within the body
d.
index of suspicion is most accurately defined as:
a. the way in which traumatic injuries occur
b. predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries
c. the detection of less obvious life threatening injuries
d. your concern for potentially serious underly
d.
which of the following would most likely occur as a direct result of th 2nd collision in an mvc?
a. intrathoracic hemorrhage
b. deformed steering wheel
c. caved in passenger door
d. collapsed dashboard
b.
which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is right?
a. speed has the greatest impact
b. low vel. bullets cause greatest amt. of trauma
c. size has greatest impact
d. high vel. bullets will cause less severe internal injuries
a.
energy of moving object is called
kinetic energy
if 1 or more occupants in same vehicle are killed in a crash the emt should:
suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma
which of the following pts has experienced the most signficant fall at 13'?
a. 5'0
b. 5'9
c. 4'8
d. 4'6
d.
when a mv strikes a tree at 40mph the unrestrained occupant
a. remains in motion until acted upon by external force
b. most likely thrown
c. decelerate at same rate as the vehicle
d. is thrust under steering column onto the floorboard
a.
during your assessment of a pt. who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. this injury most likely occurred:
a. as a direct result of the pressure wave
b. during the tertiary phase
c. during the second
b.
during your assessment of pt. with a head inj. you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapez. muscle, is mumbling and has his arms curled towards his chest. his gcs is:
a. 8
b. 9
c. 10
d. 7
d.
factors that should be considered when assessing a pt. who has falled include all of the following except:
a. speed of the fall
b. surface struck
c. height of fall
d. primary impact point.
a.
signs of pulm. blast injury include:
a. multiple rib fractures
b. coughing up blood
c. vomiting blood
d. irregular pulse
b.
phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path is called:
a. cavitation
b. congruent
c. capitation
d. conversion
a.
when assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information for the:
a. index of suspicion
b. kinetic energy
c. poten. energy
d. mech. of injury
d.
when assessing an elderly pt. who fell, its important to remember that
a. any fall in the elderly is considered high energy trauma
b. elderly pts who fall usually have secondary head inj.
c. bilateral hip fractures usualy occur when an elderly person fall
d.
eval. of the interior of a crashed MV during extric. will allow the emt to:
a. determine speed at time of impact
b. recog. if driver hit brakes before impact.
c. identify contact pts and predict poten. injuries
d. assess severity of 3rd collision
c.
small compact car: what injury mech is most likely responsible?
compression of head against roof.
passengers who are seated in the rear and are only wearing lap belts have higher incidence of injuries to the
thoracic and lumbar spine.
which of the following findings would be least suggestive of the presence of high energy trauma?
a. dismounted seats
b. intrusion into the vehicle
c. deployment of the airbag
d. steering wheel deployment
c.
a 40 year old unrestrained female impacted the wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree. she is conscious, alert, but experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath. which of the following injuries did this pt. likely not experience?
a. ri
c.
while assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you notice that his pulse is irregular. you should be MOST suspicious for:
a. traumatic rupture of the aorta
b. lacerated coronary artery
c. underlying cardiac disease
d. bruising
d.
which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
a. vacuum splint
b. sling and swathe
c. cardboard splint
d. air splint
d. air splint
in which of the following situations would ext. bleeding be most difficult to control?
a. jugular vein laceration, syst. BP of 90 mmHg
b. femoral artery laceration
c. carotid artery laceration
d. antecubital vein laceration
b.
in nontrauma pts, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
dizziness upon standing
hypovolemic shock occurs when:
a. pt's syst. bp is < 100 mm Hg
b. at least 10% of the pt's blood volume is lost
c. the body can't compensate for rapid blood loss
d. clotting ability of the blood is enhanced
c.
severity of the bleeding should be based on all of the following findings except:
a. poor general appeance
b. clinical signs/symptoms
c. mech. of injury
d. systolic blood pressure
d.
systemic veins function by:
a. returning oxygen-rich blood black to the left atrium.
b. delivering deoxygenated blood to the capillaries.
c. delivering oxygen poor blood back to the capillaries
d. returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart
d.
organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
a. body's demand for ox. is markedly increased
b. systolic arterial bp is at least 60 mm Hg
c. body's temp is considerably less than 98.6
d. hr is maintained at more than 100 b
c.
22 yr old male kicked in abdomen during attack by a gang
prepare for immediate transport
hypoperfusion is another name for
shock
most cases of ext. bleeding from extremity can be controlled by
applying local direct pressure
when using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the emt should:
a. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops
b. remove tourniquet if the bleeding has stopped
c. cover the tourniquet w/ a sterile d
a.
signfic. vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ___ of his or her own total blood volume
a. 20%
b. 10%
c. 5%
d. 15%
a.
an inf. with a total blood volume of 800 ml would start showing signs of shock when as little as ___ of blood is lost
a. 100 ml
b. 200 ml
c. 150 ml
d. 50 ml
a.
external bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because
a. veins hold smaller blood volume
b. veins are under a lower pressure
c. blood typically oozes from a vein
d. veins carry deoxygenated blood
b.
39 year old male sustained large laceration to his leg during accident with chainsaw and experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. you should:
follow appropriate standard precautions
what is the approximate blood volume of a 75 kg adult?
5.25 L
gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a pt. presents with
hematemesis
following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21 year old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain the left shoulder. your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. on the basis of these findings
d.
if direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
a. additional dressings
b. tourniquet proximal to the inj.
c. digital pressure to a prox. artery
d. a splint & elevate the extrem.
b.
which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?
a. venous & capillary blood typically does not clot spontaneously
b. bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vess. dilates
c. a person taking aspirin will experience s
c.
male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his knife. he's conscious/alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. you should:
control the bleeding with direct pressure
in older patients the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:
weakness or dizziness
the ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:
how rapidly he/she bleeds
a young male was shot in the abdomen by a gun. he is semiconscious, has shallow breathing and is bleeding externally from the wound. as you control the external bleeding your partner should:
a. apply nonrebreathing mask
b. perform secondary assessment
c.
d.
blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:
ability of the blood to effectively clot.
which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is right?
a. pts with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
b. hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting
c. approx 25% of the pop has hemophilia
d. hemophilia is defined as total lack of plate
a.
43 year old man has severe nosebleed. his bp is 190/110 mmhg and his hr is 90 bpm and pounding. treatment includes:
a. having pt pinch is nostrils and lie supine
c. pinching the pt's nostrils and leaning forward
c. packing both nostrils with gauze pads
d.
c.
fracture femur can result in the loss of ___ of more blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
1 liter
67 yr old male has weakness, dizziness, melena that began approx 2 hours ago. he denies hx of trauma. his bp is 90/50 mmhg and his pulse is 120 bpm/thready. you should be most suspicious that this pt is experiencing:
a. aortic aneurysm
b. gastrointestinal
b.
as red blood cells begin to clump together ro form a clot _____ reinforces the clumped red blood cells.
fibrinogen
early signs/symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
a. pain/distension
b. significant hypotension
c. bruising only
d. widespread ecchymosis
a.
whether you are using a commericial device or a stick and a triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it's important to remember that:
the tourniquet should ONLY be removed at the hospital b/c bleeding may return if the tourniquet's released
which organ can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?
the skeletal muscle
bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
is a sign of skull fracture and should not be stopped.
after applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a pt's arm, yo notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. you should:
a. place additional dressings
b. splint the arm
c. replace dressing with another
d. apply tourniquet prox. to wound
a.
you arrive at home of a 50 yr old woman with severe epistaxis. after treating her it is most important to recall that
a. pt at risk for vomiting and aspiration
b. detailed exam needed to determine cause
c. many medications interfere with blood clotting
d.
a.
smaller vessels that carry blood away from heart and connect arteries to capillaries are:
arterioles
which of the following body systems/components is the least critical for supplying/maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
a. effectively pumping heart
b. intact system of blood vessels
c. adequate blood in the vasculature
d. filtering of blood cells
d.
during transport of a 40 yr old female with acute abdom. pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. you should:
a. begin assisting ventilations
b. perform secondary assessment
c. repeat primary assessment
d. a
c.