Unit 2 Population Vocabulary Review

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Arithmetic Population Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area

Census

A complete enumeration of a population

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Demographic Transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age of 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Epidemiological Transition

The distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Epidemiology

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of annual deaths among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

One-Child Policy

A policy of population control in China, where a married couple is allowed only one child (anti-natalist)

Overpopulation

A case where the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Pandemic

A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Physiological Population Density

The number of people per unit of arable land

Population Distribution

Term applied to how a group of people in an area are spread out across it

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world's population during the 20th century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating natural increase rates

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that displays a country's population by age and gender

Anti-Natalist/ Restrictive Population Policies

Government-made policies that restrict having a certain number of offspring by law, such as China's one-child policy, which serves to decrease the natural increase rate

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in a population

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Zero Population Growth (ZPR)

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate is zero

Pro-Natalist Policies

Government policies to increase the rate of natural increase