Age distribution
A model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid.
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Esther Boserup
A woman scientist/geographer who believes that human growth stimulates the birth of people who come up with a strategy/ingenuity that will ensure that food supplies do not run out; the opposite of Malthus
Cairo Conference
United Nations held an international conference on population in 1994 in Cairo, Egypt. Its resulting program of action is the steering document of the Untied Nations concerning population issues
Carrying Capacity
The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support.
Census
A complete enumeration or count of a population
Child Mortality Rate (CMR)
Annual number of deaths of children under the age of five, compared with total live births
Contraception
birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine device or condom) or drugs or surgery
Cornucopians
People that believe our supply of resources is basically infinite,. They argue that we could exploit outer place, or use resources that we can't even imagine now. This optimistic perspective is often referred to as Cornucopians in reference to the horn of
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Demographic Equation
equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population during a certain period of time, also taking into account net migration and natural increase
Demographic Transition Model
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Dependency Ratio
The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling Tiime
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Ecumene/non-ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement/Portion of earth's surface humans consider too harsh for occupancy
Epidemiological transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
Gravity Model
Interaction is proportional to the multiplication of 2 populations divided by the distance between them
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births i a society
J-Curve
Makes a "J" shape on a population graph and indicates exponential growth
Life Expectancy (Longevity Rate)
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years an newborn infant can expect to live
Thomas Malthus
An Englishman who wrote an essay in the 1800's regarding population. He brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponential growing population. Food production is linear; human reproduction is geometric despite natural c
Medical Revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional cause s of death in poorer countries and enabled more p
Natalism (Pro and anti)
pro and con; a pro-natalist encourages child-bearing. A con-Natalist believes that there needs to be limits placed on the number of children per couple
Natural Increase Rate (NIR, RNI)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
Neomalthusians
They believe the ideas of Thomas Malthus. Population can grow faster than food production or other resource acquisition and could result in starvation, or extinction if human growth is not limited
Overpopulation
The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological Density
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Population Agglomerations
cities that are one million or over in population
Population Center (of a region)
Center of which a population revolves around?
Population Pyramid
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
Replacement Fertility
when the population's fertility is just high enough to maintain its current population
S-Curve
Makes an "S" shape on a population graph and indicates growth that levels off
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total Fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Universal Education
By 2014-access for women in education, reduction in infant and child mortality, reduction in maternal mortality, and access to reproduction and sexual health services, including family planning
Zero Population Growth
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero