The responsibility for packaging goods for international shipment always falls upon the exporter.
True
Companies rarely develop a strategy for packaging, since they consider it an area that does not have strategic implications.
False
Air transport is, by nature, more hazardous than ocean transport.
False
Containers used in air transport are not truly intermodal.
True
Markings in international air shipments should be handled in much the same way as markings on ocean shipments.
True
As much as possible, cargo should bear the trade name or the brand names of the shipper.
False
Some countries regulate primary package sizes by requiring them to be multiples of simple metric units.
True
For industrial goods, the primary packaging encompasses all the packaging activities aimed at protecting them during shipment.
False
Intermodal containers sometimes collapse in rough seas.
True
Surface rust on containers, while not attractive, usually does not affect the cargo carried, although it may be a sign that the container is not very carefully maintained.
True
Light leakage in a container could indicate a risk of water infiltration.
True
If goods in a container are not unitized, they are usually sufficiently protected by their regular
secondary packaging.
False
Some shippers use old pallets as spacers (dunnage) to keep cargo from shifting.
True
Damage to cargo caused by improper packaging can be offset by insurance.
False
An advantage of LCL shipping is that the cargo is not handled very much.
False
A freight consolidator is almost always quite good at packaging a container properly, with proper dunnage and protection, but the owners of other cargo on board the consolidated container may not be as careful, and that represents a hazard.
True
Containerized cargo is handled more frequently than break-bulk cargo.
False
Softwood used in crates and boxes is obtained from leafy trees such as poplar or oak.
False
As opposed to crates, boxes are containers made of wood where the sides are an integral part of
the structure of the container.
False
Shipping bags are very good at withstanding numerous manipulations
False
For air shipments, the best form of packaging would be tertiary in nature and would include one
additional layer of cardboard.
True
Cargo pallets in international road and rail transportation should be protected on all four corners, banded with nylon or steel straps, and should be shrink-wrapped or stretch-wrapped for protection against rain and ambient humidity.
True
The complexity of varied regulations regarding shipment of hazardous cargo means the shipper should contract with a specialized freight forwarder or consultant.
True
To save costs and space, different types of refrigerated goods often are mixed together.
False
Consumer packages abroad are generally smaller in countries where retail shopping is done frequently.
True
FCL cargo stands for
e. none of the above (full-container load)
Cargo that cannot be containerized because it is too large and won't fit in a traditional container or because it exceeds the maximum weight of a container load is called
d. break-bulk cargo.
Proper marking on cargo as it is shipped is important because proper marking
d. All of the above (a. protects the cargo from poor handling.
b. protects the cargo from theft.
c. protects the cargo from pilferage)
Most cargo tends to be shipped by air in its
b. secondary packaging.
Hazardous cargo shipped by sea is regulated by the
a. IMO (International Maritime Organization)
The three functions of correct packaging are
c. to protect goods in transit, to facilitate proper handling of goods in transit, and fulfill the shipper's customer service strategy.
Packaging designed to appeal to and be functional for consumers is called
a. primary packaging.
An intermodal container is designed to withstand the weight of up to how many similar containers placed on top of it?
e. None of the above (8)
The standardized size of pallets in Europe is
d. all of the above (a. 80 centimeters by 120 centimeters. b. 31.5 inches by 47.25 inches.
c. different from the measurements of most pallets in the United States)
Because of the threat to hardwood forests caused by the long-horned beetle,
b. wood pallets from China are not allowed in the United States unless they have been fumigated, heat-treated, or pressure-treated with a pesticide.
In conditions of high humidity, paperboard loses up to _____ percent of its strength.
c. 60%
Cigna Insurance Company published a guide to cargo handling in
a. Ports of the World.
The strongest type of shipping crates are
b. constructed with three-way corners.
FIBCs are used for shipping _____ cargo.
c. granular (flexible intermediate bulk container)
Characteristic(s) of steel drums is/are
d. All of the above (a.
they can be used for dry or wet cargo.
b. they are fairly resilient containers.
c. they can withstand a good amount of abuse)
Characteristic(s) of fiber drums is/are
a. they are more resistant to pilferage than bags.
To protect cargo, markings should
e. None of the above (Markings should display net weight and gross weight, and they should list both metric and English units of measurement)
To protect break-bulk or LCL cargo from being lost or shipped to the wrong consignee, it should be clearly marked with
b. the consignee's name.
The biggest problem(s) in transportation of air cargo is/are
c. pilferage and theft.
Color-coding to identify a company's shipments
c. should be changed on a regular basis.
About 43 percent of all claims made by shippers to their insurance companies are for ____________________ of goods in transit.
breakage
Single shipments that are too small to be shipped as a full container are _____________________ by a freight forwarder or a NVOCC with other freight and then shipped in a full container.
consolidated
In the case of international road and rail transportation, it is always best to unitize the cargo into ____________________ so as to facilitate handling at the point where the goods are loaded and unloaded.
pallets
When goods needing refrigeration travel by ocean, they usually travel in a refrigerated container, a specialized container also nicknamed a ____________________.
reefer
To protect against condensation damage inside a container, the container's interior floor and, ideally, its interior sides should be made of ____________________.
wood
Blocking materials that keep cargo from shifting are collectively called ____________________.
dunnage
To keep cargo from shifting, some shippers use inflatable ____________________.
bags
Boxes and enclosed crates should be lined with a waterproof material such as ____________________.
polyethylene
Both crates and boxes should always be reinforced with ____________________ strapping and ____________________ bands.
corner; metallic
The multi-wall shipping bag can hold about ____________________ pounds of material.
50
Containers designed for air transport cannot be used in other modes, except for one ____________________-foot container that can be used in cargo planes and trucks.
20
For air cargo sensitive to humidity, a possible way to avoid condensation damage is to add small packets of ____________________ material in the box with the goods.
desiccant
Placing a truck trailer on a railroad car is called ____________________.
piggy-backing
A possible way to avoid theft while cargo is in transit is to ship exclusively in ____________________-container-loads or truck loads, since the cargo will be hidden from everyone except the exporter or importer.
full
Most in-transit thefts involve people who are ____________________.
insiders