Example of a Macule
Freckle
Patches
Flat, >1cm, large macules.
Example of a patch
Vascular Nevus ("Salmon Patch
Macule
Flat, <1cm, simply a change in skin color.
Vesicle
Raised, <1cm, filled with serous fluid.
Example of a Vesicle
Chicken pox (Varicella)
Bulla
Raised, >1cm, filled with serous fluid.
Example of a bulla
Blister
Papule
Raised, <1cm, solid (no fluid).
Example of a Papule
Warts, Nevi
Nodules
Raised or palpable under skin, <1cm, solid (no fluid).
Example of a Nodule
Lipomas
Tumor
Raised or palpable under skin, >1cm, solid (no fluid).
Example of a Tumor
Neoplasms
Pustules
Elevated, contain purulent, cloudy material.
Example of a Pustule
Impetigo
Cyst
Elevated, encapsulated, in dermis or hypodermis, filled with liquid or semisolid material.
Example of a Cyst
Cystic Acne
Wheal
Elevated, irregular shaped, solid, variable diameter area of edema.
Example of Wheal
Insect bites, hives
Describe Scales
Abnormal build up or shedding of epidermal skin cells.
Example of a Scale
Psoriasis
Describe Crust
Crusts are dried drainage (blood, serum or other dried exudate)
Example of a crust
excoriated Eczema
Describe Erosions
Shallow losses of tissue involving only the epidermis. Non scarring, often evolve from blisters and pustules.
Example of an Erosion
Secondary lesions of herpes zoster
Ulcers
Deeper than erosions, involve dermis and/or deeper layers.
Are ulcers primary or secondary
Ulcers are Secondary
Example of an Ulcer
Venous Stasis Ulcer
Describe Fissures
Linear cracks in the skin, often painful.
Example of a fissure
Athletes foot
Excoriations
Linnear or punctate erosions induced by scratching.
Example of an excoriation
Acne lesion, insect bite, or scratches that have been picked at
Describe scar
Thin or thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury to dermis
Example of a scar
Healed wound incision
Describe Keloid
Irregular shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar. Hypertrophic.
Example of a Keloid
Keloid formation after surgery
Lichenification
Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching or irritation.
Example of lichenification
Chronic Dermatitis
Describe Petechiae
Flat, <5mm, non-blanchable. Appear as tiny red pinpoints. Due to tiny hemorrhages within dermal or submucosa.
Describe Purpura
Flat, >5mm, redish-purple. Caused by infection or bleeding disorders resulting in hemorrhage of blood into skin.
Example of Purpura
thrombocytic purpura
Ecchymosis
Flat, non blanchable, redish purple, variable size. Caused by trauma to blood vessel resulting in bleeding under the skin.
Common term for an Ecchymosis
Bruise
Describe Angioma
Benign tumor that consists of a mass of small blood vessels; variable size.
Example of an Angioma
Chery Angioma, strawberry angioma
Describe Capillary Hemangioma
Type of angioma, involves capillaries within the skin producing an irregular, macular patch. Caused by congenital vascular malformation of capillaries.
Example of a Capillary Hemangioma
Port wine stain
Telangiectasia
Permanent dilation of small blood vessels, resulting in superficial, fine, irregular red lines within skin.
Vascular Spider
Type of telangiectasia, characterized by small central red area with radiating spider like legs. Blanches with presure.
Venous Star
Type of telangiectasia, characterized by non palpable bluish star shaped lesion, caused by increased pressure to superficial veins.
Clubbing
Nail bed angle is greater than 180 degrees. Indicates chronic hypoxia.`
Stage I Pressure Ulcer
Persistent redness of a defined area. Skin is still intact.
Stage II Pressure Ulcer
Partial Thickness Skin loss involving epidermis and or dermis, appears as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater.
Stage III Pressure Ulcer
Full thickness skin loss. May extend to, but not through, the fascia. Appears as a deep crater.
Stage IV Pressure Ulcer
Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis or damage to muscle, bone or supporting structures.
Abbreviation for Pressure Ulcer
PU