In thyroid surgery, which structures are identified and preserved?
Parathyroid glands
Provide patients with a choice in primary care to restore that patients health
This is NOT a primary purpose of general surgery
Severe complications such as________can result if all parathyroid glands are removed
Tetany
Thyroid and parathyroid glands produce hormones that affect: growth, metabolism, and weight but not___
Immune system
Which is the most common treatment for a tumor in a breast between 2 and 5cm in diameter and no distant metastasis
Total mastectomy
What condition will occur if there is a physiologic calcium imbalance
Tetany
The parathyroid glands regulate
Blood calcium concentration
When a surgeon removes the entire thyroid lobe to treat toxic diffuse goiter, what is the procedure called?
Thyroid lobectomy
The parathyroid glands are located _____to the thyroid gland
Posterior
Wound dressings for thyroid and parathyroid surgery vary. What would you NOT use for wound dressing
Insert drain, use cottonoids and a 4x4, secured by an ace bandage
A metaboloic imbalance resulting from a hyperactive thyroid is known as
Graves disease
Parathyroidectomy
One or more parathyroid glands are removed to treat malignancy
How do you NOT handle cancerous breast tissue
Use formalin on specimens sent for estrogen binding studies
Place the patient in the _______position with neck hyperextended for thyroid or parathroid surgeries
Modified dorsal recumbent
There are_______ parathyroid glands
4
A metabolic imbalance resulting in lethargy and weight gain from a hypoactive thyroid is known as
Cretinism
What is the longest section of the digestive tract
Intestines
Which section of the colon passes across the upper abdomen, below the liver and stomach, and above the small intestine, to the spleen in the upper left abdomen
Transverse
Which procedure involves the insertion of an inert prosthesis for the purpose of enlarging the breast
Augmentation
If the patient has a positive breast Bx and the surgeon proceeds to do a radical mastectomy, what do you do with the drapes
The person is re-prepped and new instruments and drapes are used
Which is not a breast tissue:
Supra-areolar
Intra-areolar
inframmary
radial
Intra-areolar
Until proven otherwise, all breast masses are considered
Malignant
The axillary area contains an average of how many lymph nodes
fifty-three
The bilateral organs lying in the superficial fascia of the pectoral area are called____
mammary glands
There are 12-20 lobes contained in the tissue of each breast, each lobe is subdivided into ______ that contain the secreting cells and alveoli, drained by single____
Grape-like clusters, lactiferous duct
Abnormal enlargement of the male breast is called
gynecomastia
The major difference between a radical mastectomy and a modified radical mastectomy is the _________ may also be removed during a radical mastectomy
Pectoral muscles
Which is the pear-shaped sac that stores the bile that assists in the digestive breakdown of foods
Gallbladder
Which breast Bx uses a Silverman to extract cells from the lump
Needle Bx
The removal of the distal portion of the stomach with establishment of anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum is more commonly known as a______
Billroth II
Liver tissue is extremely _____so ____ substances are often used during surgery
Friable, hemostatic
Removing affected structures is not a primary purpose in what surgery
Hernia
The principle hazard encountered intraoperaltively during a splenectomy is
hemorrhage
Hemangioma refers to____
Mass of blood vessels in a benign tumor
The________is composed of exocrine and endocrine glandular tissue that secretes digestive enzymes
Pancreas
Which organ varies in size and its vascular tissue supports the immune system and monitors and stores blood cells
Spleen
What is the largest organ in the body
liver
The procedure used to remove the gallbladder using either open surgery or laparoscope is a
cholecystectomy
A right hemicolectomy involves the removal of the
ascending colon
a splenectomy is performed for all of the following except:
tumors
ruptures
hypersplenism
trisegmentectomy
Trisegmentectomy
Surgery performed for lowe sigmoid or rectal malignancies is an
Abdominoperineal resection
Common herniation include all the following except:
pelvic
hiatal
epigastric
umbilical
pelvic
When is bowel technique necessary
When the intestinal tract is entered during a surgical procedure
Resection means
Significant excision of an organ or structure
Partial or complete removal of the colon is
Colectomy
The severe restriction of the bowel that eventually necroses is
strangulation
Externalization through the abdominal wall of the proximal end of the transected ileum; performed in conjunctin with a total colectomy
Ileostomy
A small or outward growth projecting into the intestinal tract is a
polyp
The following are examples of intestinal pathology except:
diverticulitis
volvulus
obstructions
neoplasm
neoplasm
An appendectomy is performed via a
McBurney incision
Rectal forceps ____used during a gastrointestinal surgery
Not
When the surgeon enters the gastrointestinal tract, the surgical technologist should always
Have suction ready for immediate use
The removal of a cyst filled with pus, hair, or tissue debris from the sacrococcygeal area is called a
Pilonidal cystectomy
A scan utilizing nuclear imaging to view parts of the biliary system is called a
Hepatic intraductal assay
ESWL is used to
Shatter gallbladder stones
What Dx procedure assists in distinguishing between cystic and solid tumor lesions
Ultrasonography
What priamry part of the anatomy is responsible for mixing and partial digestion of materials
Stomach
The primary F(x) of the ________is to reabsorb water and electrolytes
Large intestine
Instruments used on the end of the GI tract when an anastomosis wil be performed are
Always non-crushing
A____is a surgically created opening from some portion of the colon to the exterior through the abdominal wall
Colostomy
Meckel's diverticulum is found in the
Ileum
When a segment of intestine is removed, the segment must first be mobilized by removing it from its mesentsary. Essential instruments for this mobilization include
Metzenbaum scissors, kelly clamp, suture ties
This procedure requires the removal of this organ attached to the distal ileum, establishing bowel continuity
Meckel's diverticulectomy
When doing skin prep on someone with a stoma, the stoma is always
done last or separately
Supporting tissue layers for the stomach include
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
A cholecystectomy _________ require special bowel technique
Does not
Surgical technique used in GI surgeries involving the surgical union of two hollow structures in known as
Anastomosis
The imperforation or closure of a normal tubular opening of the body is known as
Atresia
Small blind pouches that form the lining and wall of a canal or organ, especially the colon, are called
Diverticula
An ileostomy is the
formation of a permanent or temporary opening into the ileum
The invagination of proximal intestine into the lumen of distal intestine is called
Intussusception
The surgical procedure commonly performed in conjunction with total colectomy is a
ileostomy
Which type of hernia occurs in Hesselbachs triangle
Direct
Is McBurney incision transverse
No
The_____incision is an alternative to the midline incision, but is less likely to____
Paramedian, herniate
What midline incision is used for subumbilical access
Lower
Which herniorrhaphy procedure uses tightly wound mesh that is pushed through the internal ring of th ebody, then expanded in the fascia to prevent reocurrence
umbrella plug
an_____hernia occurs in the middle of the abdomen between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus
Epigastric
the ____ incision is used to expose pilonidal cysts
rectal
This curved, transverse incision follows the symphasis pubis and is used to access the pelvis
Pfannenstiel
A _________ herni is one which the sac contents become ischemic and will eventually necrose
Strangulated
The term that describes the protrussion of tissue or structure through a defect in the supporting structures that normally contain it is
Herniation
With the ______ hernia, a portion of the stomach protrudes through the opening for the esophagus into to diaphragm
Hiatal
Which type of hernia is a result of a congenital weakness in the internal ring and is most common in men
Indirect
With this congenital condition, intra-abdominal contents are pushed through the abdominal wall around the umbilicus
Omphalocele
The ______ drain is used to retract spermatic cord structures in a male inguinal herniorrhaphy
Penrose
This hernia is often aggravated by obesity or excessive coughing and can be either sliding or paraesophageal
Incisional
The______hernia is more prevalent in women than in men
Femoral
Surgeons generally wait until infants with umbilical hernias reach age
2
What hernia protrudes into the inguinal canal but not into the spermatic cord and rarely into the scrotum
Direct
Which of the following is not a type of drain:
penrose
urinary catheter
chest
culture
Culture
Which instrument is not a biliary specialty instrument:
Allis forceps
bakes dilator
scoop, cystic duct, mayo
gallduct probe
Allis forceps
A rectal speculum may be used for which general surgery
GI
A__________Bx involves the injection of radioisotope into the breast mass, spreading to breast lymph nodes prior to surgery
Sentinel node
What is a factor that affects the prognosis of a person with cancer
Type of caner
location of cancer
stage of cancer
Which is incorrect:
Abdominal hernias are the most common surgeries in the U.S.
Hernias occur over 25 times more frequently among men than women
Hernias self heal over time
Hernias often occur with a weakness in the tissue
Hernias self heal over time
Most general surgeries are performed under _______ anesthesia
General and regional
General surgical procedures are classified Class I: Clean or Class II: Clean-contaminated because the aerodigestive or biliary tract are entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination. Sometimes classified as Class III: Contaminated
True
Hernias typically occur in which area
Hiatal
Another region hernias typically occur is
Epigastric