ANGINA
Intermittent or continous cardiac pain caused by anoxia of the myocardium
AUSCULTATION
Use of the unaided ear or stethoscope to listen to sounds within the body
BIOPSY
Removal of tissue or fluid from the body for pathological examination to determine a diagnosis
CAPNOGRAPHY
Used in anesthetic setting to provide a breath-by-breath analysis of expired end tidal (CO2)
C-ARM
Type of portable fluroscope, so named for its configuration
CHOLANGIOGRAPHY
A preoperative or intraoperative diagnostic tool in which a catheter is inserted into the common bile duct and contrast medium is injected to outline potential calculi under fluroscopy
CSF(CEREBROSPINAL FLUID)
The fluid that flows through the ventricles of the brain, subarachnoid space, and spinal canal; serves to protect these structures
ECG( ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH)
1.A record of the electrical activity of the heart
2.A device used for recording the electrical activity of the heart to detect transmissions of the electrical cardiac impulse through the tissues of the myocardium
EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY)
Display and recording of the electrical activity of the brain by measurement of changes in electric potentials
FROZEN SECTION
A pathological method of diagnosis that involves freezing a tissue sample, slicing it into thin sections, staining it, and then viewing it under a microscope
-GRAM
Suffix meaning written record
GRAM STAIN
Laboratory method of identifying bacteria; bacteria that stain purple are referred to gram-positive, and bacteria that do not retain the stain and appear red in color are referred to as gram-negative
-GRAPH
Suffix meaning producing a drawing or writing
INDWELLING
A substance or item that remains in place either permanently or for a period of time
ISOTOPE SCANNING
Involves the intravenous injection of a radioactive isotope into the patient prior to an imaging study; also referred to as nuclear medicine study or radionuclide imaging
PROSTHESIS
Artificial device used to replace a body structure, aid bodily function, or give a cosmetic appearance; may be permanent or removable
OBSTRUCTION
Hinderance or blockage of a passage
PALPATION
Examining by touch
ROENTGENOGRAPHY
Radiography; X-Ray
SIGN
Indication of a disease or condition percieved by the examiner
SYMPTOM
Indication of a disease or condition perceived by the examiner
URINALYSIS( UA)
Laboratory examination of a urine specimen for diagnostic purposes
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Use of high frequency waves that are directed into the body and are reflected from the tissues to record an image for diagnostic purposes
What is considered the first step in determining the etiology of a patients condition? Why?
Gathering medical social ( including any ethnic and/or religous information that may impact the course of treatment and psychological information about the patient and if applicable
3 types of visualization may be used by the examiner during a physical examination. Explain how they differ, list any special equipment that may be needed for each, and give at least one
1.Direct Visualzation
2.Enhanced Visualization (Otoscope/Opthalmoscope)
3.Indirect Visualization (Pharyngeal Mirror)
4.Palpation External (abdominal or thyroid) and/or internal (pelvic exam or digital rectal exam
5.Auscultation (stethoscope)
Will pressure readings from a Swan-Ganz catheter placed in the pulmonary artery be useful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
Yes
What are the arteries that can be used to insert a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter?
Inserted into the Femoral Vein (occasionally the subclavin or internal jugular vein), advanced through the inferior or superior vena cava, and positioned into the right atrium for chamber pressure measurements
What type of examination is necessary to identify an atelectasis (collapsed lung)?
Plain Chest Film, X-Ray
Identify 6 purposes of radiographic exams in the operating room
1.Identify the foreign bodies (ex bullets, ingested items or calculi
2. Locate retained sponges, sharps, or instruments
3. Discover fluid or air within body cavities
4. Verify the correct location for an operative procedure
5. Aid in bone realignment and
During a portable x-ray of the surgical site, what is the duty of the surgical technician in the scrub role?
Protect sterile field from contamination
What is the advantage of fluoroscopy?
Images maybe viewed during movement and projected in "real time" allowing the action of of joints and organs to be viewed directly
List intraopertive applications for fluoroscope
1. Angiography, (including cardiac catherization)
2. Cholangiography
3. Retrograde urography
4. Aid in bone realignment and prosthesis placement
5. Verification of catheter placement (epidural/central venous pressure) and lead (pacemaker) introduction
6.
List the steps in order, for percutaneous placement of a femoral artery catheter using the Seldinger technique
1. Introduction into the Femoral Artery
2. Positioned into the ostia of the left coronary system under fluoroscopy
3. Contrast medium is injected
4. Cinefluograms are taken
5. Any lesions of the left coronary system are clearly outlined
What type of radiography can be used to visualize the structures of the biliary tract?
Cholangiography
Why is contrast media used?
To outline calculu or other obstructions under fluoroscopy