AST Practice Exam 6

The plicae circulares, micro villi and villi

increase the surface area for absorption and digestion in the small intestine

Which of the following come as numbered sets
frequently used in neurosurgical procedures?

Penfield dissectors are used to separate the dura mater from the cranium during a craniotomy. The Penfield is atraumatic and its use prevents tearing the dura mater.

What pathogen is most commonly associated with
surgical wound infections?

Staphylococcus aureus is a common flora of the skin and also thrives in the nares of the nose which are the primary source of the microorganism in the operating room.

Padgett and Reese are types of:

Padgett and Reese are types of dermatomes used to take skin grafts.

Which of the following is a uterine dressing forceps?

Bozeman forceps are long with a double curve and are included in a D and C instrument set.

Which burn degree classification involves erythema
without blisters?

first degree.
A sunburn usually only involves the epidermis (first degree) and is characterized by erythema, but not blisters.

What instrument is used to remove plaque during a
carotid endarterectomy?

During an endarterectomy, loosely attached plaque can be removed from the carotid artery with the use of a freer elevator.

Which of the following neuroglia are star-shaped?

Astrocytes are star shaped neuroglia that attach neurons to their blood vessels.

Which device could be used when placing a patient in
the operative position for a thyroidectomy?

A shoulder roll can be used to slightly hyper extend the region to facilitate making the incision and exposing the thyroid.

In order to expand the abdominal cavity with CO2
prior to a laparoscopic procedure, the surgeon must
use a/an:

insufflator
The machine that infuses the CO2 gas into the abdominal cavity is called an insufflator.

Which of these surgical instruments would be used
during a tonsillectomy?

Yankauer suction tip, Hurd dissector, Pilar retractor, and palate retractor are all included on a tonsillectomy instrument set.

Which type of cast would be appropriate for a
fractured metacarpal?

a short arm cast.
A short arm cast is applied from below the elbow to the metacarpal heads and is used for fractures of the wrist and metacarpals.

What is the medical term for accumulation of
squamous epithelium that forms a mass that is
destructive to the middle ear?

Cholesteatoma is an accumulation of squamous epithelium that forms an encrusted mass that is destructive to the middle ear.

Which muscle alters the shape of the lens to
accommodate vision?

The ciliary muscle alters the shape of the lens to accomodate near or far vision.

What is the term for a nonpathogenic organism
that is capable of producing disease in an
immunocompromised patient?

Opportunistic is the microorganism that is capable of producing disease in an immunocompromised patient.

Filiforms are used to:

Filiforms are used to bypass an obstruction

What is the name of
this needle holder?

castroviejo

Which of the following non-invasive diagnostic
techniques provides the best imaging of soft tissues?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is especially useful for imaging of soft tissue. It is frequently useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of brain disorders.

Which of the following defines cryptorchidism?

Cryptorchidism is when one or both testicles fail to descend within the first year of life.

What type of procedure is performed to correct
panfacial fractures?

LeFort II and III are performed to correct panfacial fractures

Which retractor is used to provide exposure for a
femoropopliteal bypass?

An atraumatic Weitlaner self retaining retractor is used to facilitate exposure during a femoropopliteal bypass.

Which of the following is a nonadherent,
nonpermeable, occlusive surgical dressing?

Xeroform is a type of nonpermeable, nonadherent, occlusive dressing that is used to create an airtight and watertight seal.

A colposcopy may be performed for which of the
following conditions?

A colposcopy is performed to evaluate patients whose pap smear results are abnormal.

The only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated
blood is the:

The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries unoxygenated blood.

Which intravenous drug would be used to reduce
intracranial pressure during a craniotomy?

During a craniotomy, Mannitol is used to reduce intracranial pressure.

Sterile water is used for irrigation during a
mastectomy, because it is categorized as which of
the following?

hypotonic solution.
A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst due to the excessive intake of water by the cell.

Which of the following types of needles would be
used for repair of the liver?

blunt

What is the main element of hemoglobin?

Iron is the main element contained in hemoglobin

What should be done with a perforating towel clip
that has been applied and removed from a sterile
drape?

The tips of the towel
clip are considered
contaminated since
they punctured the
draping material and
should not be reused.
The clip should be
handed off the sterile
field by the first scrub
surgical technologist to
the circulator without
touching the tips

In which structure of a eukaryotic cell is DNA
contained?

the nucleus

What is used to inflate the Foley catheter balloon?

A foley catheter is used to measure urinary output. A syringe is used to inflate the balloon with sterile water.

Which of the following is commonly used in the
treatment of retinal detachment?

cryotherapy
A cryotherapy unit is used to seal tears and holes for the treatment of retinal detachment.

What term means lack of control of urination?

incontinence

Which of the following is a sharp endometrial curette?

Sims curettes have an oval shaped end that is sharp and are used to obtain uterine tissue during a D and C.

Removal of an entire eyeball is called:

Enucleation is the removal of the entire eyeball.

Which of the following surgical instruments is
required for repair of a nasal fracture?

Bayonet forceps.
bayonet forceps, speculum, and rasp are all surgical instruments used for repair of a nasal fracture.

Which of the following is used for powered orthopedic
equipment?

Orthopedic power equipment is run by nitrogen.

Which mode of the electrosurgical unit does not
require use of a patient return electrode?

bipolar units
The bipolar units do not require a grounding pad because the inactive dispersive electrode is built into one of the tips of the forceps.

The nerve that is at greatest risk for injury during a
thyroidectomy is the:

recurrent laryngeal

Which of the following diseases is caused by a
pathogen?

Pneumonia. Pneumonia is caused by streptococcus pneumonaie.

When are sponge and sharp counts performed in the
OR?

Counts for sponges and
sharps are performed
before the incision,
closure of the cavity and
skin closure.

Coagulation with the harmonic scalpel is
accomplished by the use of:

The harmonic scalpel
uses a generator that
converts electrical energy
into ultrasonic energy
which causes the blade
to rapidly move which
simultaneously cuts and
coagulates tissue.

In which surgical procedure would Glisson's capsule
be encountered?

Glisson's capsule is
the external covering
of the liver and is made
of dense connective
tissue and would be
encountered during a
hepatic lobectomy.

What is another term for intractable pain due to
irritation of the fifth cranial nerve?

Trigeminal neuralgia is
the result of irritation and
compression of the fifth
cranial nerve that can
result in severe chronic,
intractable pain.

Which instrument would be used during a
dacryocystorhinostomy?

During a
dacryocystorhinostomy,
the ostium is created
using one of the following:
punches, small oscillating
saw or a powered burr.

Which of the procedures involves moving the ulnar
nerve from one location to another?

...

What is the name of the elastic rolled bandage
designed to exsanguinate an extremity before a
tourniquet cuff is inflated?

...

Where are carpal bones found?

...

Cephalosporins are what classification of drug?

...

What is the passive process when there is a greater
movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration?

...

When two chest tubes are inserted into the pleural
cavity after an open cardiovascular procedure, what
does the superior tube evacuate?

...

Polyglycolic acid suture falls into which classification?

...

When opening sterile supplies and instruments,
where should the gown and gloves for the first scrub
surgical technologist be opened?

...

Which of the following terms refers to a cancerous
growth?

...

What does the root word arteri/o mean?

...

The middle muscular layer of the uterus is the:

...

A patient with pain during mastication might require
surgical decompression of which cranial nerve?

...

Intubation occurs during which phase of anesthesia?

...

How would the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention classify a disease that is constantly
present in a community?

...

Which positioning device must be attached to the
table when the procedure is performed in reverse
Trendelenburg?

...

The organ that is divided into head, neck, body and
tail which lies posterior to the stomach is the:

...

What drug may be used to treat an anaphylactic
reaction?

...

Third-degree burn tissue with a charred and pearlywhite
appearance is called:

...

Insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump is done to
treat patients with a/an:

...

Which procedure involves the excision of lymphoid
tissue superior to the soft palate to facilitate
breathing?

...

Which of the following is an indication for a total hip
arthroplasty?

...

For which of the following do burr holes provide
adequate exposure?

...

The venous sinus at the junction of the sclera and
cornea is the:

...

The principle of personal liability is a legal rule that:

...

The area of the bladder that is formed by the two
ureteral orifices and the urethral orifice is known as
the:

...

Which of the following defines enuresis?

...

What cardiac drug increases myocardial contractility?

...

Which of the following types of specimens would not
be placed in a preservative solution?

...

Which of the following surgical instruments would be
used to dilate the cervix?

...

Which procedure can be performed to repair a
bucket-handle tear?

...

The prostate gland secretes:

...

Which of the following terms describes abnormal
excessive development of the male breast?

...

Which of the following incisions divides the linea
alba?

...

Which component of the electrical circuit is
responsible for conducting the electrical current back
to the electrosurgical unit?

...

Dupuytren's disease is characterized by contraction
of the:

...

The structure anterior to the esophagus and
extending from the larynx to T-5 is the:

...

Which preoperative drug is delivered transdermally to
prevent postoperative nausea?

...

To prevent cross-contamination, masks should only
be removed by the:

...

Which of the following is one of four defects involved
in tetralogy of Fallot?

...

Which of the following is used to instill contrast media
into the biliary system intraoperatively?

...

Where is central venous pressure measured?

...

Salping/o is the root word for which anatomical
structure?

...

The funnel-shaped distal opening of a fallopian tube
is the:

...

This instrument would
most likely be used to
grasp:

...

Which part of the microscope is most proximal to the
patient?

...

Which organ is responsible for the synthesis of many
of the coagulation factors?

...

The acronym "MAC" denotes what type of anesthesia
care?

...

Sterile dressing materials should be opened onto the
sterile backtable by the:

...

Which ligament stabilizes the duodenojejunal angle?

...

What disease causes the overproduction of
adrenaline?

...

Which member of the surgical team is responsible for
supporting the head and neck of the patient during
positioning?

...

Which of the following conditions results from an
uneven curvature of the cornea?

...

What is the purpose of applying cricoid pressure?

...

The purpose of the anesthesia machine soda lime
canister is to absorb:

...

For which of the following conditions would a
posterior repair be performed?

...

What term is used to describe the back-and-forth
action of a power saw blade?

...

Which laser is used to coagulate bleeders during a
laparoscopic procedure?

...

If a sterile package wrapped in pervious woven
material drops to the OR floor, the surgical
technologist should:

...

The amount of applied tension necessary to break a
suture is known as:

...

Which of the following types of dressings is used
when frequent wound inspections are necessary?

...

In the presence of infection, the absorption rate of
plain gut suture is:

...

In which instrument
tray would this
retractor be located?

...

The outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord
is the:

...

What monitoring device is used to obtain indirect
arterial blood pressure?

...

The internal mammary artery retractor would be used
in which of the following procedures?

...

Which of the following anatomical structures is
involved in a hiatal hernia?

...

What is the procedure for surgical repair of a cranial
defect?

...

Aqueous humor of the eye is found within the:

...

Which of the following congenital conditions is an
atypical communication of intracranial vessels?

...

A triangular muscle that abducts the arm and covers
the shoulder is the:

...

Which of the following hemostatic agents is
contraindicated for use on bone?

...

What is the congenital abnormality that is
characterized by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid
and spinal nerves in a sac, protruding dorsally?

...

Glaucoma results from blockage of the:

...

Which surgical procedure is performed to fuse a
joint?

...

Which of the following is a non-crushing vascular
clamp?

...

Which of the following is used for bladder retraction
during a cesarean section?

...

Which fixation device is indicated for a femoral neck
fracture?

...

Which instrument is used during a keratoplasty?

...

Which of the following tunica would be found in a
blood vessel?

...

Sperm is produced in the:

...

In which of the following procedures would fine hooks
of various angles be used?

...

Which duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder
to the duodenum?

...

Which of the following is an endoscopic procedure of
the suspension of the bladder neck for treatment of
stress incontinence?

...

What does the A represent in a V-A shunt procedure
for hydrocephalus?

...

Which of the following terms refers to the removal of
facial wrinkles?

...

Emulsification of abnormal tissue during
neurosurgical procedures is accomplished by the use
of:

...

What part of the three-layer dressing absorbs wound
secretions?

...

Which of the following agents is a mechanical method
of hemostasis?

...

The primary function of the large intestine is:

...

Which of the following drains is inserted during a
cholecystostomy?

...

What is removed during a glossectomy?

...

Where are intestinal anastomosis instruments placed
when using bowel technique?

...

What personal protective equipment would the
surgical technologist wear during extracorporeal
shock wave lithotripsy?

...

Which peripheral nerve is decompressed in a carpal
tunnel release?

...

What type of catheter is used for continuous irrigation
and hemostasis of the bladder following a TURP?

...

Pancreatic digestive secretions are collected in the:

...

Which of the following is a portion of the stomach?

...

Which of the following types of fractures result in
several bony fragments?

...

Which of these heart valves has two cusps?

...

In which anatomical structure does an inguinal hernia
defect occur?

...

What type of dilators is used for male urethral
dilation?

...

Which of the following clamps would not be found in
an intestinal tray?

...

Which procedure is performed to correct the
congenital deformity cheiloschisis?

...

Which of the following self-retaining retractors has
the most parts/attachments?

...

The procedure of choice for a detached retina is a:

...

Which of the following surgical instruments is a
vaginal speculum?

...

What term means a nonmalignant enlargement of the
prostate?

...

Which procedure restores function of a nerve by
freeing it from adhesions?

...

To obtain direct arterial pressure, the catheter is
inserted into which artery?

...

Which scissors are commonly used to extend an
arteriotomy?

...

Which is used to increase the size of a split-thickness
graft?

...

Which procedure involves the surgical placement and
fixation of a testicle in the scrotum?

...

Which of the following procedures is a partial
gastrectomy?

...

A type of cataract extraction when the lens and its
capsule are removed is:

...

A Keller arthroplasty or McKeever procedure is
performed to treat which of the following?

...

What is the name of the surgical procedure that
resects the dorsal root of a spinal nerve for relief of
trigeminal neuralgia?

...

For which of the following procedures would a HUMI
cannula be used?

...

Which of the following surgical instruments would be
found on a nasal setup?

...

Why is an A-V fistula performed for long-term
dialysis?

...

What is the medical term for painful menstruation?

...

Which procedure involves reattachment of the
anterior capsule of the shoulder to the rim of the
glenoid fossa with sutures?

...

In which of the following surgical procedures would a
low-lithotomy position be used?

...

Which kind of cast completely immobilizes a femoral
shaft fracture?

...

Which of the following is the medical term for the
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the uterus
covering the cervical internal os?

...

Which instrument is used to measure intraocular
pressure?

...

Which type of drain is normally used following
orthopedic procedures?

...

Which position is used when performing a
gynecologic laparoscopy?

...

Pedicle screws are used to correct which of these
conditions?

...

Which of these terms describes the surgical
correction of a deviated septum?

...

What procedure is performed to correct talipes
valgus or talipes varus?

...