Abduction
Move away from the midline
AC Joint
Pectorial girdle at the top of the shoulder
Adduction
moving toward the midline
Amphiarthrosis
A joint that is slightly moveable
Avascular necrosis
Temporary or permanent cessation of blood to the bones
Cancellous bone
Bone tissue found at the end of bones - lining the medullary marrow cavity
Cartilage
Non-vascular fibrous connective tissue
Comminuted
Bone fracture with three or more fragments
Compartmental syndrome
Elevation of tissue pressure within a closed fascia compartment
Compound fracture
Bone fragment punctures the skin and exposes the bone
Cortical bone
Type of bone tissue that is hard and dense and surrounds the marrow cavity
Delayed union
Delay in the healing of the ends of a fracture
Diathrosis
Freely moveable joint
Distraction
Separation of joint surfaces by extension without injury or dislocation of the parts
Epiphysis
Proximal portion of a long bone
Flexion
bending of a joint
Ligament
A band of fibrous tissue composed of collagen that connects bone to bone
Malunion
he joining of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty position, forming an imperfect alignment, shortening, deformity, or rotation
Marrow
Semisolid tissue found in the spaces of cancellous bone; there are two types: red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow
Non union
Failure to unite as in a fracture that fails to heal
Oteogensis
Development of bone tissue
Proximal
Nearer to the origin of the structure
Shoulder joint
The ball-and-socket joint composed of the head of the humerus that rests in the glenoid fossa
Splint
A rigid device that is placed on one side of an extremity to immobilize and support while healing takes place; available in many forms (plastic, wood, metal, plaster)
Valgus
bent or twisted away from the midline
Cancellous
Produces RBC and WBC ad platelets
Cortical
Hard bone- cortical found in a diaphysis or shafts of long bones
Bursa
Small sac lubricates for joint movement
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and facial bones
Red bone marrow
Spongy bone contains trabeculae - found in epiphysis and in center of flat bones
Short bones
Carpal and tarsal bones
Flat bones
Ribs, sternum and cranial bones
Yellow bone marrow
Fat center of shafts in adults
Joint
Articulation
Epiphyseal plate
Area of active bone growth
Periosteum
Covering of bone anchors tendons and ligaments; nourishes bone
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
Sesamoid bone
Found within tendons (ie. atella and ball of foot)
Long bones
Humerus, femur, tibia and fibula
Define hematopoietic tissue
Tissue in which there is a development of blood cells or other formed elements - found in skeletal bones
Name two amphiarthrosis joints
Symphysis pubis and sternoclaviular joints
What is a diarthrosis joint
Freely movable joint
List 5 types of diarthrosis joints
1. Pivot Joint (elbow)
2. Gliding joint (carpals of wrist)
3. Saddle joint (trapezium of wrist)
4. Ball and socket
5. Condyloid joint: temporomandibular joint
Which sesamoid bone is found in the knee
Patella
Pronate
Turn downward (palm of hand)
Supinate
Turn upward (palm of hand)
Dorsiflexion
to bend foot upward at the ankle
Plantar flexion
To bend foot downward at the sole
Internal rotation
Point the toes or flex arm inward or rotate toward the midline
External rotation
Turn or flex/rotate the toes or arm away from the midline