True or False: The gingival surface of an ortho band is held upright when the band is filled with cement.
True
How long should the ligature wire be before it is tucked?
3-5mm
What fills in the bone on the tension side?
Osteoblasts
What would happen when there's a extreme force or pressure on periodontal membrane cell?
Osteoclasts
What is Hawley Retainer?
Most commonly used removable retainer.
It is worn to passively retain the teeth in their new position after fixed appliances have been removed.
Which type of separator is placed in more difficult areas?
Steel spring or Bass wire separators
How can you size an arch wire for a patient without placing in patient's mouth?
Measure it on the patients diagnostic model or by holding it against the arch wire that is being replace.
What must the separator completely surround?
Interproximal contact
Where are seatinglugs located on the band?
Lingual
What makes up diagnostic records?
Photographs, radiographs and diagnostic casts
Orthodontics
Specialty in dentistry which involves evaluating and maintaining a functional relationship of the dental arches and occlusion.
Categories of Orthodontic Treatment
-Preventive or interceptive
-Corrective
Preventive or Interceptive Treatment
Attempting to correct the problems as they are developing.
Corrective Treatment
Involves improving existing problems
Indications for Orthodontic Treatment
Hereditary: small or large jaws, supernumerary or congenitally missing teeth, abnormal jaw relationships, facial or palatal
Local Factors: tongue thrusting, thumb sucking, nail biting, Bruxism, mouth breathing, ectopic eruption, ankylosis
What are the Angle's classifications?
Class 1 Malocclusion a.k.a neutrocclusion
Class 2 Malocclusion a.k.a distocclusion
Class 3 Malocclusion a.k.a mesiocclusion
Class I Malocclusion or Neutrocclusion
Mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar occluded with mesiobuccal groove of mandibular 1st molar, but anterior teeth will be out of alignment with malpositioned or rotated teeth.
Class II Malocclusion or Distocclusion
The mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1St molar occludes in the interdental space between the mandibular second premolar and the mesial cusp of mandibular 1st molar.
Class II Malocclusion has 2 Divisions:
Division I: Labioversion a.k.a buckteeth ( upper incisors protrude over lower incisors)
Division II: Linguoversion where one or more maxillary incisors are retruded.
Class III Malocclusion or Mesiocclusion
The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary 1st molar occludes in the interdental space between the distal cusp of the mandibular 1st permanent molar and the mesial cusp of the mandibular 2nd permanent premolar. (Underbite)
Crossbite
Maxillary tooth are lingual to the opposing mandibular teeth.
Open bite
Lack of vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors, creating an opening of the anterior teeth when the posterior teeth are closed.
Over bite
Amount of maxillary incisors overlap the mandibular incisors vertically. With an extreme overbite, the mandibular teeth may not be visible.
Over jet
The amount of maxillary incisors protrude beyond the mandibular incisors in a horizontal plane causing space between the facial surface of the mandibular incisors and the lingual surface of the maxillary incisors.
Closed Bite
The upper teeth overlap the lower teeth too much; lower incisors press into the roof of the mouth.
End to End
Molars and premolars are cusp to cusp when viewed mesial to distal
Edge to Edge
Incisors hit edge to edge
Tooth movement depends on:
1. Magnitude of force
2. Duration of application of force
3. Direction of force
True or False: The orthodontist has to calculate to avoid heavy force which could destroy bone.
True
Bands
Preformed stainless steel rings that encircle the teeth and are cemented on.
Bracket
Welded onto the band or directly bonded to the tooth
Buccal Tube
Attachment on the outside of the band to hold the end of the arch wire in place.
Arch wire
Track to guide the movement of the teeth; functions to level the teeth and helps in rotating teeth.
Ligature wires
Holds the arch wire to the bracket
Elastic O-rings
Holds the arch wire to the bracket
Seating Lug
A.k.a Lingual cleat
Located on the lingual of the band to provide a fulcrum when seating bands.
Auxiliary
Attachments located on brackets and bands that hold arch wire and elastics in place.
Fetal molding
Pressure applied to the jaw that cause distortion
Ectopic
An abnormal direction of tooth eruption
Headgear
An external orthodontic appliance that is used to control growth and tooth movement.
Preventive or Corrective
Control caries- placing fillings
Space maintenance- missing tooth
Correcting oral habit- thumb sucking
Observing growth patterns- development of teeth and bones
Preventative
Preventative or Corrective
Fixed appliances- braces
Removable appliances- retainers
Corrective
Indications for ortho treatment
Hereditary - small, large jaws
Supernumerary or congenitally missing teeth
Abnormal jaw relationship
Facial or palatal cleft
Local factors- tongue thrusting, thumb sucking, nail biting, Bruxism/grinding, mouth breathing, ectopic eruption, ankylosis
Erupting permanent tooth caused resorption of adjacent teeth rather than its precessor.
Ectopic eruption
Tooth becomes fixed to the surrounding bone and eliminates the periodontal membrane.
Ankylosis
Preformed stainless steel rings that encircle the teeth and are cemented on, gingival edge is contoured and incisal edge is straight.
Bands
Welded onto the band or directly bonded to the tooth
Bracket
Attachment on the outside of the band to hold the end of the arch wire in place.
Buccal tube
Track to guide the movement of the teeth, functions to level the teeth and helps in rotating teeth.
Archwire
Holds the arch wire to the bracket
Ligature wires and elastic o-rings
Form the band. Also called band forming pliers or crescent contouring pliers
Peeso pliers
Serves to push down on the band and seat it on the tooth.
Band seater or pusher
Holds and places wires, also to take off brackets
Howe pliers
Tightens ligature wire to the arch
Ligature tying pliers
Coon pliers
Used for tying on wire ligatures and for placing elastic o-rings.
Matthieu plier or orthodontic Hemostat
Used to cut thin ligature wires
Light wire cutter
Cuts the end of the arch wire and hold the cut wire.
Distal end cutter
Double ended, condenser end seats and adapts margins after band is seated, U-15 end removes elastic O- rings
Schure instrument
Used to place elastic separators
Elastic separating pliers
When placing separators the beaks of the pliers curve toward ______.
The gingiva
Slopes down the gingiva
Used to place brackets on teeth.
Bracket forceps
Removes brackets,removes adhesive after bracket removal.
DB bracket remover
Removes elastic o-rings, also called pigtail explorer
Elastic O-ring remover
Dental Assistant Expanded Functions
Radiographs
Impressions for study casts
preselect ortho bands
Remove excess cement from bands or bonding from bracket
Place and remove elastic separators.
Place and remove wire ligature and O-rings.
Cut arch wires and remove looses bands or brackets.
Pour
Order of appointments for Ortho
Exam appointment
Records
Placement and removal of elastic separators
Selection of bands
Cementing of bands
Direct bonding of brackets
Placement of arch wire
Ligation of wires
Placement of 0-rings
Adjustment appointment
How long does the elastic separator stay on the patient's tooth?
1-2 weeks before banding
True or False
The separators must completely surround the interproximal contact on all sides (F, L, O, G).
True
What an LDA must do when removing separators?
Check pt. record to determine number and location of separators placed.
Types of separators
Dumbbell separators
Steel spring or bass wire separators
Type of separator that is placed on anterior teeth, if they are going to be banded, usually about 2 1/2 hours or day prior to banding.
Dumbbell separators
Type of separator that is placed in more difficult areas.
Steel spring or bass wire separators
If band is placed beyond the marginal ridge with finger pressure the band is ______.
Too large
Bands are placed on teeth with bracket in the middle of _________.
1/3 of clinical crown
How to seat band?
Lingual first then facial
True or False
Distal margin of band should not extend above the distal marginal ridge.
True
Bands are placed on masking tape with gingival margin of the band ______.
Upright
What makes up diagnostic records?
X-ray
Before and after patient's photograph
Study model
How long should the ligature wire be tucked?
3-5 mm
When cementing a band, which side of the band is facing down on the tape?
Occlusal side
What is used to remove elastic separators?
Explorer
U 15 scaler
True or False
Teeth can be clean using fluoride paste prior the bonding of brackets.
False
Use non fluoride paste or fluoride free so it won't interfere the bonding of the brackets.
Remove excess bond with _______
An explorer
By removing the excess bond will result less
Decalcification
Plaque build up
Gingival irritation
When placing O-rings under 4 wings of brackets, it starts from _______ to ______.
Gingival to incisal/occlusal
Chain type o-rings are started on the ___________ tooth and pulled toward the ______.
Most distal
Anterior
When bracket removal, Howe pliers or bracket removing pliers is placed _____ to _____ on bracket and close pliers bracket will pop off.
Mesial to distal
Remaining adhesive is removed by LDA with _______.
Rotary instrumentation
Different types of Removable appliances
Positioned
Hawley retainer
Activator
Bite plane
Removable appliance that is Worn over teeth about 12 hours a day.
Positioner
Acrylic with a labial wire, worn about 6-12 months.
Hawley retainer
Removable appliance that promotes expansion of an arch.
Activator (palate expansion)
Removable appliance that is used on an overset or closed bite.
Bite plane
Ortho band on mandibular or maxillary cuspids with a lingual bar, twisted wire bonded to lingual teeth and usually worn until 3rd molars erupt or have been removed.
Fixed retainers
What is Boone gauge used for?
Measure middle of the bracket (incisal or occlusal)