What structure is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What portion of the heart receives the unoxygenated blood?
right atrium
What portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?
right ventricle
Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the aorta?
left ventricle
The coronary arteries arise from the ___.
aorta
The coronary veins empty into the ___.
coronary sinus
Which artery supplies blood to the walls of the left atrium and ventricle?
circumflex
Which structure is attached to the valvular cusps and prevents valves from swinging back into the atria?
chordae tendineae
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
Which structure prevents the trachea from collapsing?
hyaline cartilage
The structure between an alveoli and bronchiole is the ___.
alveolar duct
The microscopic air sacs clustered at the end of the bronchiole are the ___.
alveoli
The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the ___.
hilum
The right lung is divided into ___ lobes.
3
Where does the heart lie?
slightly to the left within the mediastinum
The heart is surrounded by the ___.
pericardium
The cardiac cycle refers to the events taking place during a ___.
single heartbeat
Which of the following defines the term systole?
contraction phase
When does the fetal heart begin developing?
third week
What is the most common congenital chest deformity?
pectus excavatum
What medical term refers to the abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity?
pneumothorax
Which of the following best describes a type III aneurysm?
dissection originating at the left subclavian artery, not involving the thoracic aorta
An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricle of the heart is known as a(n) ___.
ventricular septal defect
Which surgical instrument is preferred for the removal of a foreign body in the bronchial tree of infants and children?
rigid bronchoscope
Which of the following is NOT considered a sterile procedure?
bronchoscopy
What is the surgical position for a lobectomy?
posterolateral
What is the skin preparation used for posterolateral thoracotomy?
shoulder and arm to the iliac crest
Which intercostal space is entered for a thoracotomy?
fifth
Which piece of equipment assumes the role of the heart and lungs while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass?
pump oxygenator
All of the following are false for aortic cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass EXCEPT that the cannula is placed in the ___.
aorta
Which of the following protects the heart from damage during cardiopulmonary bypass?
hypothermia
Which mechanical device is designed for circulatory support after cardiac procedures?
intra-aortic balloon pump
Which type of hemostatic agent is placed on each side of the sternum after a median sternotomy?
bone wax
Into which portion of the heart is the cannula placed to achieve venous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass?
right atrium
What solution or drug is NOT to be used during a coronary artery bypass grafting?
water
All of the following are false for cardiac pacemaker insertion EXCEPT that the electrodes are placed in the ___.
right atrium
All of the following are true for tetralogy of Fallot EXCEPT that the ___.
shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery may have to be placed
The parts of the sternum from superior to inferior are ___.
manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
What is the number of true ribs?
7
The trachea divides at the ___ into right and left bronchi.
carina
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the ___.
pulmonary veins
All of the following are true regarding the serous pericardium EXCEPT that ___.
it's inelastic and serves to protect the heart
Another name for the mitral valve is the ___.
bicuspid
All of the following are false regarding the bundle of His EXCEPT that ___.
it is the only electrical connection between the aorta and ventricles
A normal adult heart rate averages ___ beats per minute.
72
The continuation of the umbilical vein is known as the ___.
ductur venosus
After birth, with the elimination of placental circulation, which structure closes?
ductus arteriosus
Symptomatic lesions of the mediastinum are malignant in ___% of all patients.
60
What percentage of all patients with carcinoma of the lung are cigarette smokers?
90%
Which is the most common complaint in the patient with a thoracic aorta aneurysm?
chest pain
Cyanotic defects include all EXCEPT ___.
coarctation of the aorta
Truncus arteriosus is characterized by ___.
a single artery arising from both ventricles
The Rastelli procedure refers to ___.
a teflon patch being used to close the ventricular septal defect, the middle pulmonary artery is transected, and a channel is placed from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery
Which study is best for determining the overall size of the heart and great vessel configuration?
AP and lateral X-rays
For the posterolateral position, the OR personnel should have which of the following available?
beanbag
It is most important that while handling the lens with light cord, the STSR should not ___.
allow the lens with the light cord to touch the drap (fire)