What are the four phases of anesthesia?
~pre-induction, induction, maintenance, emergence and recovery
Intravascular monitoring
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Pulmonary artery catheter
Direct (invasive), Body temperature
Capnography
Ventilation
BUN
Renal failure
ABG
Ventilation, Perfusion
BIS
Level of consciousness
Pulse oximetry
Ventilation, Perfusion
Malignant hyperthermia
Body temperature, Neuromuscular response
Intravascular volume
Fluid and electrolyte balance
ECG
Perfusion, Indirect (noninvasive)
Arterial blood pressure monitoring
Indirect (noninvasive)
IOA
Level of consciousness
Transesophageal monitoring
Perfusion, Indirect (noninvasive)
97 degrees to 99.5 degrees F
Body temperature
Hpyothermia
Body temperature, Neuromuscular response
Peripheral nerve stimulator
Neuromuscular response
__is an invasive airway that extends from the mouth to the trachea.
ET tube (Endotracheal tube)
__ provides passage between the nostril and the nasopharynx.
NPA (Nasopharyngeal airway)
__ is inserted over the tongue to prevent the tongue or epiglottis from falling back against the pharynx.
OPA (Oropharyngeal airway)
__ is inserted without the aid of a laryngoscope and fits snugly over the larynx.
LMA (Laryngeal mask airway)
The most crucial time for the patient with a difficult airway is during __
Intubation and extubation
The __ phase involves continuation of the anesthetic agent.
Maintenance
Post anesthesia care is provided in the __ phase.
Recovery
During the __ phase, general anesthesia begins with loss of consciousness.
Induction
The __ phase is the cessation of the anesthetic.
Emergence
During __ the patient is relaxed, and protective reflexes are lost.
Stage 3
__ begins with the administration of induction drugs and ends with loss of consciousness.
Stage 1
During what stage can anesthesia overdose resulting in severe respiratory and circulatory collapse occur?
Stage 4
During __ delirium ensues, marked by unconsciousness and exaggerated reflexes.
Stage 3
__ includes minimal, moderate, and deep sedation.
Conscious sedation
__ is induced with the drug ketamine.
Dissociative anesthesia
__ provides reversible loss of sensation in a specific area of the body without affecting consciousness.
Regional anesthesia
MAC stands for:
Monitored anesthesia care
A __ anesthetic is an injection into superficial tissue to produce a small area of anesthesia.
Local
A __ anesthetic provides anesthesia to a specific area of the body supplied by a major nerve or nerve plexus.
Nerve
A __ anesthetic is used on mucous membranes and on superficial eye tissue during ophthalmic surgery.
Topical
A(n) __ is injection of anesthetic into the intrathecal space.
Spinal block
A __ is a also known as Bier block.
Intravenous Block
A __ is produced when the anesthetic agent is injected into the epidural space.
Epidural
When the body is in a balanced physiological state, it is in __.
Homeostasis
Deep unconsciousness, such as that achieved during general anesthesia, results in the absence of protective mechanisms, such as __.
Blinking and shivering
The __ is responsible for management of postoperative pain.
ACP
Hospitals have individual check-in protocols, which may include all of the following details, except:
Religious preference
Which of the following is not considered part of the preoperative routine?
Sedative medication
Which of the following describes physiologic monitoring in the operating room?
A preoperative assessment of the patient's vital metabolic functions
Which of the following is not considered protective reflexes?
Heartbeat
Electrocardiography (ECG) measures the:
Electrical activity of the heart
Normal body temperature is __
36 degrees to 37.5 degrees C
Which of the following would not be needed for a Bier block procedure?
Lidocaine