Vocabulary Unit 8

allege

to assert without proof or confirmation

arrant

thoroughgoing, out-and-out; shameless, blatant

badinage

light and playful conversation

conciliate

to overcome the distrust of, win over; to appease, pacify; to reconcile, make consistent

countermand

to cancel or reverse one order or command with another that is contrary to the first

echelon

one of a series of grades in an organization or field of activity; an organized military unit; a steplike formation or arrangement

exacerbate

to make more violent, severe, bitter, or painful

fatuous

stupid or foolish in a self-satisfied way

irrefutable

impossible to disprove; beyond argument

juggernaut

a massive and inescapable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path

lackadaisical

lacking spirit or interest, halfhearted

litany

a prayer consisting of short appeals to God recited by the leader alternating with responses from the congregation; any repetitive chant; a long list

macabre

grisly, gruesome; horrible, distressing; having death as a subject

paucity

an inadequate quantity, scarcity, dearth

portend

to indicate beforehand that something is about to happen; to give advance warning of

raze

to tear down, destroy completely; to cut or scrape off or out

recant

to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract

saturate

to soak thoroughly, fill to capacity; to satisfy fully

saturnine

of a gloomy or surly disposition; cold or sluggish in mood

slough

(v.) to cast off, discard; to get rid of something objectionable or unnecessary; to plod through as if through mud; (n.) a mire; a state of depression