Vocabulary Workshop Level D Units 1-15

admonish

(v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty

breach

(n.) an opening, gap, rupture, rift; a violation or infraction; (v.) to create an opening, break through

brigand

(n.) a bandit, robber, outlaw, highwayman

circumspect

(adj.) careful, cautious

commandeer

(v.) to seize for military or official use

cumbersome

(adj.) clumsy, hard to handle; slow-moving

deadlock

(n.) a standstill resulting from the opposition of two equal forces or factions; (v.) to bring to such a standstill

debris

(n.) scattered fragments, wreckage

diffuse

(v.) to spread or scatter freely or widely; (adj.) wordy, long-winded, or unfocused; scattered or widely spread

dilemma

(n.) a difficult or perplexing situation or problem

efface

(v.) to wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed

muddle

(v.) to make a mess of; muddle through: to get by; (n.) a hopeless mess

opinionated

(adj.) stubborn and often unreasonable in holding to one's own ideas, having a closed mind.

perennial

(adj.) lasting for a long time, persistent; (n.) a plant that lives for many years

predispose

(v.) to incline to beforehand

relinquish

(v.) to let go, give up

salvage

(v.) to save from fire or shipwreck; (n.) property thus saved

spasmodic

(adj.) sudden and violent but brief; fitful, intermittent

spurious

(adj.) not genuine, not true, not valid

unbridled

(adj.) uncontrolled, lacking in restraint

adjourn

(v.) to stop proceedings temporarily; move to another place

alien

(n.) a citizen of another country; (adj.) foreign, strange

comely

(adj.) having a pleasing appearance

compensate

(v.) to make up for; to repay for services

dissolute

(adj.) loose in one's morals or behavior

erratic

(adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable

expulsion

(n.) the process of driving or forcing out

feint

(n.) a deliberately deceptive movement; a pretense; (v.) to make a deceptive movement; to make a pretense of

fodder

(n.) food for horses or cattle; raw material for a designated purpose

fortify

(v.) to strengthen, build up

illegible

(adj.) difficult or impossible to read

jeer

(v.) to make fun of rudely or unkindly; (n.) a rude remark of derision

lucrative

(adj.) bringing in money; profitable

mediocre

(adj.) average, ordinary, undistinguished

proliferate

(v.) to reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly

subjugate

(v.) to conquer by force, bring under complete control

sully

(v.) to soil, stain, tarnish, defile, besmirch

tantalize

(v.) to tease, torment by teasing

terse

(adj.) brief and to the point

unflinching

(adj.) firm, showing no signs of fear, not drawing back

abridge

(v.) to make shorter

adherent

(n.) a follower, supporter; (adj.) attached, sticking to

altercation

(n.) an angry argument

cherubic

(adj.) resembling an angel portrayed as a little child with a beautiful, round, or chubby face; sweet and innocent

condone

(v.) to pardon or overlook

dissent

(v.) to disagree; (n.) disagreement

eminent

(adj.) famous, outstanding, distinguished; projecting

exorcise

(v.) to drive out by magic; to dispose of something troublesome, menacing, or oppressive

fabricate

(v.) to make, manufacture; to make up, invent

irate

(adj.) angry

marauder

(n.) a raider, plunderer

obesity

(n.) excessive fatness

pauper

(n.) an extremely poor person

pilfer

(v.) to steal in small quantities

rift

(n.) a split, break, breach

semblance

(n.) a likeness; an outward appearance; an apparition

surmount

(v.) to overcome, rise above

terminate

(v.) to bring to an end

trite

(adj.) commonplace; overused, stale

usurp

(v.) to seize and hold a position by force or without right

abscond

(v.) to run off and hide

access

(n.) approach or admittance to places, persons, things; an increase; (v.) to get at, obtain

anarchy

(n.) a lack of government and law; confusion

arduous

(adj.) hard to do, requiring much effort

auspicious

(adj.) favorable, fortunate

biased

(adj.) favoring one side unduly; prejudiced

daunt

(v.) to overcome with fear, intimidate; to dishearten, discourage

disentangle

(v.) to free from tangles or complications

fated

(adj.) determined in advance by destiny or fortune

hoodwink

(v.) to mislead by a trick, deceive

inanimate

(adj.) not having life; without energy or spirit

incinerate

(v.) to burn to ashes

intrepid

(adj.) very brave, fearless, unshakable

larceny

(n.) theft

pliant

(adj.) bending readily; easily influenced

pompous

(adj.) overly self-important in speech and manner; excessively stately or ceremonious

precipice

(n.) a very steep cliff; the brink or edge of disaster

rectify

(v.) to make right, correct

reprieve

(n.) a temporary relief or delay; (v.) to grant a postponement

revile

(v.) to attack with words, call bad names

accomplice

(n.) a person who takes part in a crime

annihilate

(v.) to destroy completely

arbitrary

(adj.) unreasonable; based on one's wishes or whims without regard for reason or fairness

brazen

(adj.) shameless, impudent; made of brass

catalyst

(n.) a substance that causes or hastens a chemical reaction; any agent that causes change

exodus

(n.) a large-scale departure or flight

facilitate

(v.) to make easier; to assist

incorrigible

(adj.) not able to be corrected; beyond control

latent

(adj.) hidden, present but not realized

militant

(adj.) given to fighting; active and aggressive in support of a cause; (n.) an activist

morose

(adj.) having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable

opaque

(adj.) not letting light through; not clear or lucid; dense, stupid

paramount

(adj.) chief in importance, above all others

prattle

(v.) to talk in an aimless, foolish, or simple way; to babble; (n.) baby talk; babble

rebut

(v.) to offer arguments or evidence that contradicts an assertion; to refute

reprimand

(v.) to scold; find fault with; (n.) a rebuke

servitude

(n.) slavery, forced labor

slapdash

(adj.) careless and hasty

stagnant

(adj.) not running or flowing; foul from standing still; inactive, sluggish, dull

succumb

(v.) to give way to superior force, yield

atone

(v.) to make up for

bondage

(n.) slavery; any state of being bound or held down

credible

(adj.) believable

defray

(v.) to pay for

diligent

(adj.) hardworking, industrious, not lazy

doleful

(adj.) sad; dreary

ghastly

(adj.) frightful, horrible; deathly pale

hamper

(v.) to hold back

hew

(v.) to shape or cut down with an ax; to hold to

impoverished

(adj.) poor, in a state of poverty; depleted

incessant

(adj.) never stopping, going on all the time

intricate

(adj.) complicated; difficult to understand

lucid

(adj.) easy to understand, clear; rational, sane

posthumous

(adj.) occurring or published after death

prim

(adj.) overly neat, precise, proper, or formal; prudish

sardonic

(adj.) grimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic

superfluous

(adj.) exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess

supplant

(v.) to take the place of, supersede

taunt

(v.) to jeer at, mock; (n.) an insulting or mocking remark

tenacious

(adj.) holding fast; holding together firmly; persistent

adieu

(int.) "Farewell!"; (n.) a farewell

advent

(n.) an arrival; a coming into place or view

apex

(n.) the highest point, tip

assimilate

(v.) to absorb fully or make one's own; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully

bogus

(adj.) false, counterfeit

exorbitant

(adj.) unreasonably high; excessive

interim

(n.) the time between; (adj.) temporary, coming between two points in time

inundate

(v.) to flood, overflow; to overwhelm by numbers or size

malign

(v.) to speak evil of, slander; (adj.) evil

meander

(v.) to wander about, wind about; (n.) a sharp turn or twist

metropolis

(n.) a large city; the chief city of an area

momentous

(adj.) very important

obstreperous

(adj.) noisy; unruly, disorderly

pensive

(adj.) thoughtful; melancholy

perilous

(adj.) dangerous

shoddy

(adj.) of poor quality; characterized by inferior workmanship

sprightly

(adj.) lively, full of life; spicy, flavorful

surly

(adj.) angry and bad-tempered; rude

tirade

(n.) a long, angry speech, usually very critical

vagrant

(n.) an idle wanderer, tramp; (adj.) wandering aimlessly

assurance

(n.) a pledge; freedom from doubt, self-confidence

asylum

(n.) an institution for the care of children, elderly people, etc.; a place of safety

console

(v.) to comfort; (n.) the keyboard of an organ; a control panel for an electrical or mechanical device

dilate

(v.) to make or become larger or wider; to expand upon

dross

(n.) refuse, waste products

dwindle

(v.) to lessen, diminish

flippant

(adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy

immunity

(n.) resistance to disease; freedom from some charge or obligation

institute

(v.) to establish, set up; (n.) an organization for the promotion of learning

liability

(n.) a debt; something disadvantageous

preposterous

(adj.) ridiculous, senseless

pugnacious

(adj.) quarrelsome, fond of fighting

rabid

(adj.) furious, violently intense, unreasonably extreme; mad; infected with rabies

realm

(n.) a kingdom; a region or field of study

rejuvenate

(v.) to make young again; to make like new

remunerate

(v.) to reward, pay, reimburse

sparse

(adj.) meager, scant; scattered

sterling

(adj.) genuine, excellent; made of silver of standard fineness

venture

(n.) a risky or daring undertaking; (v.) to expose to danger; to dare

warp

(v.) to twist out of shape; (n.) an abnormality

auxiliary

(adj.) giving assistance or support; (n.) a helper, aid

candid

(adj.) frank, sincere; impartial; unposed

cubicle

(n.) a small room or compartment

drudgery

(n.) work that is hard and tiresome

envoy

(n.) a representative or messenger (as of a government)

escalate

(v.) to elevate; to increase in intensity

expedient

(n.) a means to an end; (adj.) advantageous, useful

feign

(v.) to pretend

flair

(n.) a natural quality, talent, or skill; a distinctive style

grievous

(adj.) causing sorrow or pain; serious

heterogeneous

(adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse

horde

(n.) a vast number (as of people); a throng

impel

(n.) to force, drive forward

incredulous

(adj.) disbelieving, skeptical

inscribe

(v.) to write or engrave; to enter a name on a list

monologue

(n.) a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person

prognosis

(n.) a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation

rasping

(adj.) with a harsh, grating sound; (n.) a harsh sound

repugnant

(adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful

scuttle

(v.) to sink a ship by cutting holes in it; to get rid of something in a decisive way; to run hastily, scurry; (n.) a pail

adept

(adj.) thoroughly skilled; (n.) an expert

aspire

(v.) to have ambitious hopes or plans, strive toward a higher goal, desire earnestly; to ascend

bleak

(adj.) bare, dreary, dismal

chide

(v.) to blame; scold

despicable

(adj.) worthy of scorn, contemptible

diminutive

(adj.) small, smaller than most others of the same type

emancipate

(v.) to free from slavery; to release or liberate

erroneous

(adj.) incorrect, containing mistakes

exploit

(v.) to make use of, develop; to make improper use of for personal profit; (n.) a feat, deed

extemporaneous

(adj.) made or delivered on the spur of the moment

impair

(v.) to make imperfect, damage, harm

invincible

(adj.) not able to be defeated, unbeatable

languid

(adj.) drooping; without energy, sluggish

mire

(n.) mud; wet, swampy ground; a tough situation; (v.) to get stuck

obtrusive

(adj.) forward; undesirably prominent; thrust out

preamble

(n.) an introduction to a speech or piece of writing

render

(v.) to cause to become; to perform; to deliver officially; to process, extract

rugged

(adj.) rough, irregular; severe, stern; strong; stormy

skeptical

(adj.) inclined to doubt; slow to accept something as true

slipshod

(adj.) untidy in dress, personal habits, etc.; careless, sloppy

brevity

(n.) shortness

comport

(v.) to conduct or bear oneself, behave; to be in agreement

concise

(adj.) expressing much in a few words

demure

(adj.) sober or serious in manner, modest

depreciation

(n.) a lessening in value; a belittling

deteriorate

(v.) to lower in quality or value; to wear away

divulge

(v.) to tell, reveal; to make public

enlightened

(adj.) free from ignorance and false ideas; possessing sound understanding

forestall

(v.) to prevent by acting first

garble

(v.) to distort in such a way as to make unintelligible

proponent

(n.) one who puts forward a proposal; one who supports a cause or belief

quaver

(v.) to shake, tremble; to trill

recoil

(v.) to spring back, shrink; (n.) the act of springing back

recoup

(v.) to make up for, regain

reek

(n.) an unpleasant smell; (v.) to give off unpleasant smells; to give a strong impression

relentless

(adj.) unyielding, harsh, without pity

rivulet

(n.) a small stream

squander

(v.) to spend foolishly, waste

staccato

(adj.) detached or disconnected in sound or style

statute

(n.) a law

appreciable

(adj.) sufficient to be noticed or measured

autocratic

(adj.) absolute in power or authority

blanch

(v.) to remove the color from; to make or turn pale; to parboil

blasphemy

(n.) an act, utterance, or writing showing contempt for something sacred

brawny

(adj.) strong, muscular

concerted

(adj.) planned or performed in cooperation with others

contend

(v.) to fight, struggle; to compete; to argue

humane

(adj.) kind, merciful

illustrious

(adj.) very famous, distinguished

intolerable

(adj.) unbearable

irreverent

(adj.) disrespectful

laborious

(adj.) not easy, requiring hard work; hardworking

lithe

(adj.) bending easily, limber

maltreat

(v.) to abuse, use roughly or crudely

ponder

(v.) to consider carefully, reflect on

subversive

(adj.) intended to undermine or overthrow; (n.) one who advocates or attempts to undermine a political system

synthetic

(adj.) made or put together by people; (n.) something artificial

temperate

(adj.) mild, moderate

venomous

(adj.) poisonous; spiteful, mean

wily

(adj.) sly, shrewd, cunning

ad infinitum

(adv.) endlessly

apportion

(v.) to divide and give out in shares

bona fide

(adj.) genuine; sincere

buoyant

(adj.) able to float easily; able to hold things up; cheerful, hopeful

clique

(n.) a small, exclusive group of people

concede

(v.) to admit as true; to yield, submit

congenial

(adj.) getting on well with others; agreeable, pleasant

lofty

(adj.) very high; noble

migration

(n.) a movement from one country or region to another

perceive

(v.) to be aware of through the senses, observe; to grasp mentally

perverse

(adj.) inclined to go against what is expected; stubborn; turned away from what is good and proper

prelude

(n.) an introduction; that which comes before or leads off

rancid

(adj.) stale, spoiled

rustic

(adj.) country-like; simple, plain; awkward; (n.) one who lives in the country

sever

(v.) to separate, divide into parts

sordid

(adj.) wretchedly poor; run-down; mean or selfish

untenable

(adj.) not capable of being held or defended; impossible to maintain

versatile

(adj.) able to do many things well; capable of many uses

vindicate

(v.) to clear from hint or charge of wrongdoing; to defend successfully against opposition; to justify

wane

(v.) to lose size, strength, or power

annex

(v.) to add to, attach; to incorporate; (n.) an attachment or addition

cleave

(v.) To cut or split open; to cling to

cordial

(adj.) in a friendly manner, hearty; cheery; (n.) a liqueur

cornerstone

(n.) the starting point of a building; a fundamental principle or element

debacle

(n.) an overwhelming defeat, rout; a complete collapse or failure

devitalize

(v.) to make weak or lifeless

embroil

(v.) to involve in a conflict or difficulty; to throw into confusion

exonerate

(v.) to clear from a charge or accusation

glib

(adj.) ready and fluent in speech; thoughtless, insincere

haphazard

(adj.) by chance, not planned; lacking order

improvise

(v.) to compose or perform without preparation; to construct from available materials

incite

(v.) to rouse, stir up, urge on

influx

(n.) a coming in, inflow

pallor

(n.) an extreme or unnatural paleness

pedigree

(n.) a list of ancestors, family tree; the history or origins of something

precipitous

(adj.) very steep

profuse

(adj.) very abundant; given or flowing freely

reconcile

(v.) to restore to friendship; to settle; to resign (oneself)

shackle

(v.) to put into chains; (n., usually pl.) a chain, fetter

threadbare

(adj.) shabby, old and worn

abase

(v.) to lower in esteem, degrade; to humble

actuate

(v.) to move to action; to impel

avert

(v.) to turn aside, turn away; to prevent, avoid

boorish

(adj.) rude, unrefined; clumsy

brunt

(n.) the main impact, force, or burden

combatant

(n.) a fighter; (adj.) engaged in fighting

dormant

(adj.) inactive; in a state of suspension; sleeping

dubious

(adj.) causing uncertainty or suspicion; in a doubtful or uncertain state of mind, hesitant

harangue

(v.) to deliver a loud, ranting speech; (n.) a loud speech

harry

(v.) to make a destructive raid on; to torment, harass

impenitent

(adj.) not feeling remorse or sorrow for errors or offenses

knave

(n.) a tricky, unprincipled, or deceitful fellow

legion

(n.) a large military force; any large group or number; (adj.) many, numerous

liberality

(n.) generosity, generous act; breadth of mind or outlook

plaintiff

(n.) one who begins a lawsuit

probe

(v.) to examine, investigate thoroughly; (n.) an investigation; a device used to explore or examine

protract

(v.) to draw out or lengthen in space or time

quarry

(v.) to cut or take from (or as if from) a quarry; (n.) a place from which stone is taken; something that is hunted or pursued

spurn

(v.) to refuse with scorn, disdain

subterfuge

(n.) an excuse or trick for escaping or hiding something