observational learning
Imitation is most closely related to the concept of
Continuity versus discontinuity
Dr. Fletcher is attempting to determine whether adult criminals were rule breakers throughout their childhood, or whether they suddenly turned to a life of crime. Her research is most concerned with which issue of human development?
Multidisplinary
Which most accurately reflects the nature of the scientific study of human development?
Smoking nicotine
You are doing a study to determine whether smoking nicotine prior to taking a psychology test affects performance on that test. What is the independent variable in your study?
longitudinal
Researchers studying of life satisfaction compared measures of life satisfaction over a 17-year period of time. This is an example of the use of a(n) ________ research design.
as they exist naturally
In a correlational study variables are always studied
determine whether changes in one of these variables causes changes in the other.
Mario is going to do a correlational study dealing with playing video games and intelligence. Because he is using this particular method, he will not be able to
a theory
Connie is a second-grade teacher who notices that her students behave differently than the fourth-graders during recess. She comes up with several connected ideas to explain why the two groups behave differently. Connie's ideas would best be described as
Biological
Psychodynamic theories place the least emphasis on the ________ portion of the biopsychosocial framework.
Self-reports
Dr. Nuriama is interested in studying the way people spend their time when they are in their own homes alone. Which method is Dr. Nuriama most likely to use for this study?
Systematic observational
Carrie takes notes on the behaviors exhibited by college students attending a frat party. This study would best be described as
Longitudinal
Dr. Mitchell is very interested in how individual participants' behaviors change over time. If she wants to study this, she'll have to do a(n) ________ study.
Validity
Dr. Simpson's students were rightfully upset when he used very accurate weight scales (assessing the poundage of each pupil) to determine their grades in a developmental psychology class because his method of assessment lacked
Growing up in the 1960s, and its influence on drug-taking behavior in middle adulthood
Which research study would you most expect to see from a researcher with a life-course perspective?
set is to subset
Population is to sample as
life-course
Aislinn wonders if the attack on New York on September 11, 2001 will impact the career goals of individuals who were adolescents at the time of the attack. This kind of question is one that best reflects a(n) _________ perspective.
The level of self-esteem
In an experiment designed to determine whether taking vitamin A before attending a social event improves self-esteem, what is the dependent variable?
The impact of culture
The biggest difference between Vygotsky's approach to development and that of Piaget and the information-processing approach is that Vygotsky placed more emphasis on
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of development?
Heriditary
Which term does not belong in this group?
punishing
Dr. Gauche likes to make fun of student comments in class. She finds that every time she does this, students make fewer comments the rest of the class period. Apparently, Dr. Gauche's jokes are ____ the students for talking in class.
Bandura
Who developed social cognitive theory?
ecological
When Dr. Bentley is asked to explain troubled adolescents, she says, "The only way to explain the problems of adolescents is to study them in relation to their parents and the culture that surrounds them." Dr. Bentley is most likely a proponent of ____ th
Baltes
Whose theory is best associated with a life-span perspective emphasizing research on adult development?
Independent
Which type of variable is manipulated by an experimenter?
cross-sectional
Michael studies developmental differences in extroversion by testing 9-, 19-, 39-, and 59-year-old subjects all at the same time. Michael is performing a(n) ____ study.
social learning theory
Mr. Link tries to help his students learn how to be assertive by having them watch how other students can be successful by acting assertively. Mr. Link is using principles of ____ to help his students.
reduces the likelihood that a behavior will occur in the future.
An effective punishment
Never tell subjects if they've been deceived.
Which statement is not consistent with ethical research?
elective selection
Lisa is getting ready to apply for graduate school. In order to focus on this goal, she is resigning from her posts as editor of the campus newspaper and president of her sorority. These changes in Lisa's life are an example of
reinforced
Lynne always wants to go visit her grandparents because when she visits they give her a new toy. The grandparents have ________ her visiting behavior.
Young adulthood
What would Erikson say is the stage in life where the biggest challenge involves committing to another in a loving relationship?
naturalistic observation
Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by watching them play at a local daycare center. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. Patti is most likely using a ____
the competence-environmental press theory.
Matti finds himself unable to adjust to college because he doesn't seem to have the study skills necessary to earn passing grades. Matti's predicament would probably best be explained by
Psychosocial
The epigenetic principle is a key component of ___________ theory.
increase in frequency
If a behavior is effectively being reinforced it will
Piagetian
Brandon's developmental psychology teacher believes human development is best conceptualized as progressing discontinuously through several qualitatively different stages of thinking. His instructor is likely a(n)
previously published research
Your developmental psychology teacher tells you that part of the course requirement is that you will have to complete a meta-analytic study. This means that it is most likely that you will be collecting data on _____________ in order to fulfill this requi
life-span
Multidirectionality, plasticity, historical context, and multiple causation are all key features of the ________ perspective.
minimize risk to participants
According to the American Psychological Association, researchers must
A Skinnerian theorist
Who would have the least amount of interest in children's thinking?
Interactive
Which best describes the relationship between biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces in human development?
cross-sectional
Greta wants to do a study on how self-efficacy changes over the life span. Her primary concerns are economic. She needs to do the study in the way that will cost the least in terms of time and money. Given these concerns, she is probably going to be best
operant conditioning
Zhang is attempting to alter the behavior of his son by controlling the consequences of his son's actions. Zhang is practicing
Wink, who is a game-show host
Which individual with a genetic predisposition toward being extroverted is demonstrating successful niche-picking?
Amniocentesis
Regan is a medical student who is learning a procedure in which a long needle is inserted into the abdomen of a pregnant woman. What technique is he most likely learning?
Hailey has a greater risk of having a miscarriage
Halley is 40 years old and she and her daughter Berry, 20, are both currently pregnant. Which statement concerning these two mothers is most accurate?
A singly y chromosome
Which combination of sex chromosomes is not possible in a living human being?
One key purpose of the amniotic fluid is to
maintain a constant temperature for the embryo.
monozygotic twins
John and Wayne have the exact same genes. This indicates that they must be
labor
Because it involves prolonged physical effort, the process of childbirth is often referred to as involving stages of
phenotype
Kyoko is 5 feet, 11 inches tall, plays tennis, and is an all-around nice person. This is a description of Kyoko's
fallopian tube
The uniting of the egg and sperm (conception) typically takes place in the
same is to different
Homozygous is to heterozygous as
vernix
The thick, greasy substance that covers the fetus around five to six months after conception is called
Fixing Birth Defects Before Birth.
Troy is very interested in the field of fetal medicine. Given this, he would most likely be fascinated by a book titled
The shape of the sex chromosomes would differ, whereas each autosome pair would look identical.
When looking through a microscope at an entire set of human male chromosomes, how would you be able to differentiate an autosome pair from a sex chromosome pair?
Yes, because women who take these courses report experiencing less pain than women who don't.
Wilma is afraid of the pain involved in delivering her baby. Are childbirth classes likely to help her?
germ disc
The ____ is the cluster of cells in the center of the zygote that will eventually develop into the baby.
spina bifida
Just after the birth of her son Nelly, mom Kelly was informed that little Nelly's neural tube did not properly close during his prenatal development. This would mean that Nelly will be diagnosed with
chronic and extreme
Maternal stress is most likely to negatively impact a developing embryo/fetus when that stress is
consumed alcohol
Bryant's teacher notices that Bryant has unusual facial features (i.e., short nose and wide-set eyes) and shows signs of mental retardation. Due to her training in developmental psychology, Bryant's teacher realizes that Bryant's mom likely ____ while she
ultrasound
Claire is very concerned about the prebirth position of the child she is carrying. Which technique would be the best for determining whether Claire's concerns are warranted?
About 90 percent of in vitro fertilization attempts are successful.
Which statement concerning in vitro fertilization is false?
Teach that medications have no place in the delivery room.
Which is not a typical childbirth class technique for reducing the pain associated with delivery?
25,000
The average child has approximately ____ genes.
$100 for each pair of autosomes
Igor is approached by a mad scientist who says he will pay Igor either $100 for each pair of his autosomes or $500 for each pair of his sex chromosomes. Assuming Igor wants to make as much money as possible, which offer should he take?
placenta
I am the structure through which a mother and an embryo exchange waste and nutrients. I am called the
Don't panic, since despite being a genetic disorder, it can be controlled through proper diet
What should Danko do when he is informed that his newborn son has PKU (phenylketonuria)?
home and hospital delivery carry the same birth defect risk
For healthy pregnant women,
results in abnormal prenatal development.
A teratogen is any agent that
chromosomes
The threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain genetic material are called
embryo
At five weeks after conception, a developing human is most accurately called a(n)
placenta
Which is expelled during afterbirth?
Afghanistan
Which parent should most realistically fear her child dying before reaching their first birthday?
23
If you were looking through a microscope at a normal sperm cell, you should see ____ chromosomes.
before their first birthday
Infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die
implantation
The point at which a zygote burrows into the uterine wall is referred to as
heritability
As a behavioral geneticist, Professor Klink is most likely to calculate the extent to which depression is inherited using a _____ coefficient.
your complete set of genes
Which is an example of only your genotype?
second
By the time Debbie got to the hospital to deliver her child, the child had entered the vaginal opening. This means that Debbie was in the ____ stage of labor.
impact late enough in life so that the individual can reproduce
Huntington's disease is an unusual genetic disorder in that it is a fatal disease caused by dominant alleles that
fetal surgery
Physicians are currently able to correct spina bifida at around seven to eight months after birth using
personality characteristics are influenced by genes
Jos�, who was adopted at birth, is found to have personality characteristics more similar to his biological mom than to his adoptive mom. How should you interpret this data?
visual acuity
Dr. Quillan is measuring the point at which an infant can no longer differentiate between a striped-patterned stimulus and a gray square. Dr. Quillan is probably attempting to measure the infant's
cerebral cortex
If you were to remove the top of an adult's skull, the first brain tissue you would see would be the
a moving face
Recent research indicates that newborns have a natural attraction for tracking
Stephanie, who is 1 year old
Which child's visual acuity would have most recently matched that of an adult with 20/20 vision?
Elaine, who is one year old
Whose brain is most likely to have the most synapses?
possessions
If Donna is a normal three-year-old, her definition of herself will consist largely of her
The corpus callosum
As a result of surgery, Graeme's left and right cerebral hemispheres are no longer connected. Which part of Graeme's brain was most likely the focus of the surgery?
agitation and uncoordinated movements
Newborn crying typically involves
8 pounds
Maria is a typical, healthy one-year-old who weighs 24 pounds. Which is the best estimate of her birth weight?
four
UNICEF (2006) estimates that about one in _____ children under age five suffers from malnutrition.
shy
If Andrew is shy when he is two-years-old, he is more likely to be ____ when he is four-years-old.
reflex
A _____ is best described as any unlearned response triggered by a specific form of stimulation.
develop a regular bedtime routine
Benji is a four-year-old who has a very difficult time falling asleep at night. According to your text, what is the best remedy for this problem?
Kara, who has a tall mother and a tall father
Which child is most likely to be the tallest?
depth perception
A visual cliff is designed to assess
6
Prior to birth, all _____ layers of the major brain are formed.
Environmental factors are not related to emotionality
Which statement regarding temperament is false?
4 months
About how old will an infant be when it can perceive the same colors adults perceive?
The end of the axon
Terminal buttons are located on which part of a neuron?
synaptic pruning
While observing brain activity, Dr. Smith proclaims, "This brain is definitely experiencing a downsizing in the number of connections between neurons." This indicates that the brain Dr. Smith is studying is undergoing
get her baby to stop crying
Johanna swaddles her baby in a blanket, puts her in a car seat, and drives around the block for 30 minutes. Johanna is probable trying to
Terminal buttons
Where are neurotransmitters stored until they are released?
Be careful, as the water used to prepare formula is often contaminated
Which most accurately reflects the advice given to individuals in developing nations who are considering bottle-feeding?
temperament
Dr. Ramone is interested in studying how babies are different in terms of their behavior toward other people, how energetic they are, and how easily they are upset. It is most likely that Dr. Ramone is studying
electroencephalogram
If Nurse Ratchett indicates that the procedure that is about to be performed on infant Ramon involves the use of metal electrodes, you would expect that the procedure is a(n)
a theory of mind
Jeffrey is a three-year-old who is beginning to make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. According to Wellman (2002), Jeffrey is developing
persistence
While doing a study of temperament, Dr. Chernahoy is studying how long toddlers can play with some building toys without being distracted. What dimension of temperament is Dr. Chernahoy most likely assessing?
Jose, who is 18 months old
Which person is most likely experiencing the most rapid physical growth?
toddler
Yoko, who has not seen her nephew John since he was born, is surprised to see the 12-month-old standing upright and taking a few steps. In view of this accomplishment, Yoko realizes that John is now considered a(n)
observing your mother while listening to her talk
What is an example of intersensory redundancy?
perception
The process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses is referred to as
rooting
Winchester notices that every time he touches his newborn son's cheek, the infant turns his head and tries to suck. This behavior demonstrates the _____ reflex.
the neural plate
While viewing a picture of a three-week-old embryo, Dr. Pecoraro points to something and says, "This structure will soon become a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop." Dr. Pecoraro is pointing at
infancy
Malnutrition seems to be most damaging if it occurs during
rapid-eye-movement
Three-week-old Toni is in a sleep state characterized by arm movements and grimaces. This would suggest that Toni is in _____ sleep.
Myelin
____ is (are) a fatty substance that surrounds the axon of a neuron.
It helps speed neural transmission
Which best describes the impact of myelin on a neuron?
Differentiation
In order to be able to walk, Loretta must first master certain individual skills, like being able to balance herself. What term best describes this process?
neuroplasticity
Blane deals with people who have suffered some sort of brain damage, helping them try to use different areas of the brain that perform functions that were previously performed by the areas that are now damaged. Blane's specialty would be best described as
An orienting response
Although the sound is unfamiliar, when six-month-old Cagney sees the flashing lights on the police car, she keeps her eyes locked on the lights. She also begins to show a decrease in heart rate. Which concept best explains Cagney's reaction?
self-regulation
According to Vygotsky, private speech is aimed at
They are not given the same amount of opportunities to talk with parents about past events.
Why do children in Asian countries like China or Japan tend to recall less from their early years than children from North American countries?
naive physics
Four-week-old Dixie appears to understand that when you push a cup over the edge of a table, the cup will fall to the ground. Such an understanding would provide support for the concept of
mental hardware
An information-processing theorist would most likely conceptualize all built-in neural structures that assist the operations of the mind as
exists for a purpose
The fundamental premise of teleological explanations is that living things
animism
When Andy bumps into a table, he says to it, "You bumped into me because you're mean." Andy is exhibiting
11
Which number illustrates the fact that in English, numbers do not all follow a regular naming pattern, thus making learning to count more difficult in English than in some other number systems?
abstract
Between early and later childhood, schemes tend to have more ______ properties.
centration
The conservation of liquid task directly assesses a child's level of
Tell the child to ask a friend who knows how to throw well to help him or her out
If you believed in the concept of the zone of proximal development, what advice should you give to a child who is attempting to learn how to throw a ball?
phonological
Eighteen-month old Quentin's large vocabulary appears to be due to his ability to recall and repeat any word that he just heard. This indicates that Quentin has an excellent ____ memory
overextension
When a word is used too broadly, ____ is taking place.
5 months
Research shows that infants as young as ____ can differentiate two objects from three objects.
a scheme
Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking that may be applied to different situations. This mental structure for kicking would best be described as
autobiographical
A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) ____ memory.
accommodation
Sylvester has just learned how to pick up his cat named Chester, who likes to be picked up and does not put up any struggle. Later, Sylvester tries to pick up another cat named Thai, who scratches when held. The fact that Sylvester learns to leave Thai al
correct
A grammatical morpheme is a word or word ending that makes a sentence grammatically
animism
In the children's television show Pee Wee's Playhouse, the floor, globe, and chair could talk, move, and had their own personalities. The fact that many young children view such objects as being "alive" is consistent with the Piagetian concept of
classical conditioning
Like most one-year-olds, Antoine sucks reflexively when a sucker is placed in his mouth. For the past few days, Antoine's mother has turned on the television as she gives Antoine his daily sucker. Today, Antoine's mother turns on the television but does n
reorganize his or her schemes
In order to overcome a state of disequilibrium, a child must
exposure to a high-quality language environment.
The best predictor of a large vocabulary in a young child is
a teleological explanation.
When five-year-old Monarch says, "Butterflies exist to make the world more beautiful for people to look at," she is providing a great example of
Go store
Which statement by a 17-month-old best represents telegraphic speech
classical conditioning
Pavlov's research involving a dog, salivation, and a bell is correctly associated with ____ theory.
imitation
One-year-old Payton notices that when his dad, Archie, is watching football on television, he shouts at the screen. The next time a football game come on, Payton shouts at the screen. Payton's behavior best exemplifies
computer that develops a larger "hard drive memory" and a "faster central processing unit
As an information-processing theorist, Dr. Tonic is most likely to conceptualize human cognitive development as a(n)
All stages must be accomplished in the correct order
According to Piaget, which statement is true regarding stages of thinking?
Who taught you how to ride a bike?
Which is the best example of a question designed to assess autobiographical memory?
ask a question
Thirteen-month-old Hermes has begun to raise the pitch of his voice at the end of a babble. If Hermes is being raised by English-speaking parents, his behavior may reflect the precursor of his ability to
first word
Infant Timmy has been babbling for several months. What is his next likely linguistic milestone?
sentence
Five-year-old Brian hears the sentence, "Brian, quit clowning around." He knows all the other words, but he has never heard the word "clowning" before. The fact that he understands that the word "clowning" must be referring to what he is currently doing i
one-to-one
The ____ principle of counting states that there must be only one number name for each item counted.
the same thing I see
Preoperational thinker Blake has edged his way close to the top rim of the Grand Canyon. His mother then asks him, "What do you think someone at the bottom of the canyon looking up at top you would see?" Given the egocentric nature of his thought, Blake's
zone of proximal development
Francesca does a pretty good job of completing spelling problems but does much better if she is given direction by her teacher. The difference between what Francesca can do alone and with assistance is best defined in terms of her
Terror, since he likely believes that the individual has actually become a werewolf
Michael, who is a preoperational thinker, watches as a movie character appears to turn from a nice teenager into a werewolf. What is Michael's most likely reaction?
Not enough emphasis on sociocultural influences
Which is a legitimate criticism of Piaget's theory?
The fact that 3-week-old Gene appears to innately understand that three objects are more than two objects.
Which best exemplifies the core knowledge hypothesis?
Relational aggression
After reading a book on Eriksonian theory, Farah would most likely describe her trusting one-year-old daughter as possessing
hope
After reading a book on Eriksonian theory, Farah would most likely describe her trusting one-year-old daughter as possessing
low
Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is
decide whether the object is associated with females or males
According to gender-schema theory, in order to decide where to learn more about an object, a child must first
No, as long as Elita provides "good mothering" when she's with the child at home.
Elita is feeling guilty about sending her 18-month-old off to daycare. Assuming Elita is sending her daughter to a quality daycare center, should she be worried?
play with girls regardless of the game
As a typical prepubescent female, Rihanna will prefer to
simple social play
Bud and Lou are both playing with blocks. Though they are playing, they smile at each other and trade blocks from time to time. It is most likely that Bud and Lou are involved in
gender labeling
Dwight's statement, "I am a boy" is an example of
an enabling action
Michelle and Warren are building a playhouse. Michelle says to Warren, "How about I help you with your part, then you help me with mine?" This offer would be an example of
independence
Autonomy is most synonymous with
18
Children typically begin to exhibit simple social play around ____ months of age.
gender stability
The statement "girls always grow up to be women" provides an example of
reasoning
Parents who incorporate ____ into their discipline are most likely to encourage altruistic behavior.
evolutionary
Dr. Ginesberg's lecture on attachment concludes that babies express behavior that makes it more likely they will form attachments to adults because, in the past, infants that expressed these behaviors were the infants who survived. Dr. Ginesberg is presen
You are doing great, keep going.
Concerning play, which statement best exemplifies enabling?
Don't force altruistic behavior by threat
Which is the best advice for parents wishing to socialize altruistic behavior in their child?
a set of behavioral expectations
Gender stereotypes influence behavior by providing
rough-and-tumble play
Kyle and Sharon have a young daughter and a young son. As typical parents, they most likely treat their children the same except when it deals with
Mothers tend to spend more time reading to infants
Which statement on parent-infant early relationships is true?
prosocial behavior
Urvashi decides to help her friend find her lost cat because her friend is likely to give her a reward. This is an example of
Payton, who is 5 months old
Which normally developing child would be most likely to have just begun to experience the emotion of anger?
better at spatial tasks
On average, boys are _____ than girls.
Cooperative play
Franklin and Benjamin are pretending to go to school. Franklin is pretending to be the teacher, and Benjamin is pretending to be the student. What sort of interaction does this exemplify?
Social referencing
One-year-old Mathieu is afraid of the dog because he saw his father react with fear to the same dog. Which term best explains why Mathieu is afraid?
Trust versus mistrust
Attachment is most critical to completing which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?
expect her mom to respond when she is upset
If two-year-old Kelly had an internal working model, she would
Support
Which term does not fit with the notion of "constricting" during play?
avoidant
One-year-old Chatava is not upset when her mother leaves the room, and when her mother returns, Chatava turns away from her. Chatava is exhibiting _____ attachment.
a cultural guideline for interacting with other people.
A social role is best described as
social referencing
One-year-old Kendra looks at her mother before entering a new room in a strange house. When her mother smiles, Kendra proceeds to enter the room. This is an example of
social referencing
An example of _____ occurs when a child interprets her parent's facial expression as a cue to determine whether or not to pick up a strange object.
Solomon does not expect any reciprocation for his act
Solomon places a large cash amount into the hand of a street person. What would make this an act of altruism?
cooperative
Which would least likely be found in a description of "boys play?
parellel
The phrase, "interest but no interaction," best describes _____ play.
secure
If Imelda is a typical American infant, you would most likely be correct if you guessed that she exhibits a(n) ____ attachment.
trust in self and others
According to Erikson, which is the foundation of human development?
insensitive mother and low-quality daycare
Which combination best predicts an insecure attachment?
wanted to play "house
As a typical American father, Hans would be most upset if his son Franz
His imagination has virtually no impact on his ability to separate fantasy and reality
Five-year-old Lou has a vivid imagination and an imaginary friend. How would this affect Lou's ability to distinguish between fantasy and reality?
gender constancy
Betsy does not want to play football, because she believes that if she plays, she will turn into a boy! Betsy is failing to demonstrate
a cognitive act is to an emotional act
Perspective taking is to empathy as
The instructions for hair color come from two sources on the chromosome
Which process can best be explained by alleles?
identical; zygotic
What began as a single fertilized egg has just separated into two distinct eggs. This indicates the formation of ____ twins that has occurred during the ____ period of development.
interact less with Yvette because she is so lethargic.
Yvette is a malnourished child. If her parents are typical, they will probably
Monitor the fetus's heart rate
How is a physician most likely to guard against fetal hypoxia?
correlation
A heritability coefficient is a derivation of a(n)
umbilical cord
The ____ houses the blood vessels that join the embryo and its mother.
22
Currently, the earliest "age of viability" occurs around ____ weeks after conception.
seeing her mother's face
We would know that two-month-old Brenda is exhibiting a social smile when she smiles in response to
pleasure and distress
According to Lewis (2000), the only two emotions experienced by newborns are
sit alone
Parker is a typical seven-month-old. In terms of locomotion, the best he is able to do is to
having a dependable caregiver
From an infant's perspective, what is the most critical factor in establishing a secure attachment?
cephalocaudal
The fact that the embryonic head develops before the body illustrates the ____ principle.
neuroplasticity
Which phenomenon is the best argument against the notion that the organization of the brain is predetermined genetically?
teratogens impact different genotypes differently.
The key lesson learned by the fact that thalidomide showed no impact when tested on prenatal rabbits but led to birth defects in prenatal humans is that
visual expansion
Ichiro's mother is trying to teach him how to catch a ball. As the ball approaches Ichiro, it takes up more and more space on Ichiro's retinas. Ichiro perceives the change in size to mean that the ball is getting closer to him rather than perceiving it to
Be responsive and caring
What advice should you give to a parent who wants his or her two-month-old to form a secure attachment?
A population is larger than a sample
Which statement is always true?
A parent who actively encourages his or her child to play with others
Which exemplifies the notion of parent as social director during play?
Toddling
Twelve-month-old Callum is barely able to walk a few steps before losing his balance and falling down. What is the term that best describes Callum's current ability to move around?
Down syndrome
Trisomy 21" (three 21st chromosomes) best describes