psychodynamic perspectives
the approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are genetically beyond people's awareness and control
psychoanalytic theory
proposed by freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
psychosexual development
a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure or gratification is focused on a particular biological function and body part
freud's 5 psychosexual stages (age and development)
birth to 18months: oral
18months to 3 years: anal
3 to 6 years: phallic
6 to adolescence: latency
adolescence to adulthood: genital
erikson's 8 psychosocial stages of development
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role diffusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
ego-integrity vs despair
who was the first american psychologist to advocate a behavioral approach in psychology
john b watson
classical conditioning
organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
b.f. skinner
formulated operant conditioning
operant conditioning
voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences
behavior modification
formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
social cognitive learning theory
learning by observing the behavior of another person
who wrote the theory of cognitive development
jean piaget
evolutionary perspective theory of psychology
seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
6 major perspective on lifespan development
psychodynamic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
contextual
evolutionary