Chapter 7 Lifespan

Holding a pencil to write or draw requires ______

fine motor skills

Dr. Jones is giving five year old EMily a pre kindergarten physical. When Dr. jones asks emily to jump up and down and hop on one leg, what is the doctor testing?

lateralization

During the preschool years, parents can expect their children to gain how many inches in height each year?

2-3 inches

Preschoolers gain in average of how many pounds per year?

6 pounds

Which activities would a two year old be able to do?

pick up small objects and throw a small ball while standing

Libby is 4 years old. She would be able to participate in which activities?

catch large ball, cut with scissors, hold a pencil, strike ball with bat, thread beads on a string

At what age is a child typically able to run easily, climb on furniture unaided, pick up small objects, and throw a small ball while standing?

5-6

At what age can the average child begin to draw differentiated figures?

46 months-7 years

According to your text, early childhood is a period of optimum growth and maturation for which part of the brain?

hippocampus

Describes when the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization

lateralization

According to neuroscientists, what is the primary determinant of which functions will or will not be lateralized?

our genes

What is the developmental process that is the impetus behind brain lateralization?

learning and using language

Which brain structures regulates attention and concentration

reticular formation

Infantile amnesia is most likely due to _______

maturation of the connections between the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex

A friend tell you that he has very vivid memories of an event that happened when you were two years old. What is probably true regarding this?

it is probably false

Approximately what percentage of people world wide are left handed?

14%

Recent research supports the theory that handedness is the result of _____

genetic inheritance

Describe nutrition during the early childhood years

High calorie and high in fat. they dont sit down and eat a meal, theyre grazers

What percentage of children in the US are at risk of being overweight by the time they start school?

16%

What is a suggestion made by pediatriciians to help children develop effective bedtime practices

provide structured predictable bedtimes and stick to it everyday. 8-10 hours of sleep per day. Establish a bedtime routine and provide a stuffed animal

What does your book suggest about children's eating habits?

keep a variety of foods and allow a child's appetite to be good and guide how much food they eat

What children tend to be more prone to illness?

children who experience high levels of stress or family upheaval

Parents can expect their pre-schoolers to get a cold ____

6-7 times a year

What is the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children in the US?

accidents

What are laws in regard to child abuse in the US?

.......

In the US, most cases of child abuse involve ___

physical injuries

What is an example of socio-cultural influence that could make physical abuse of children more likely?

parents who are depressed, lacking parenting skills and knowledge, if they're substance abusers

Jose was abused before being places in foster care. He frequently has nightmares about the abuse and even has flashbacks of the abuse during the day. He ahs difficulty concentrating at school and is falling behind. From what is Jose likely suffering?

PTSD

What characteristics increases the risk that a child would be abused?

children with physical and mental disabilities, children that have difficult temperments

What is associated with a higher risk of child abuse?

several of the risk factors such as parents who are depressed or children with difficult temperments

According to Piaget, about age 2, children begin to use ___ in their thinking

symbolic

The understanding that one object or bahvior can represent another defines ___ functions

semiotic

What Jon was five he have his mother a dead frog for her birthday. Mickey didnt understand why his mother didnt like the gift, because he thought the frog was cool. This respresents what kind of thinking?`

egocentric

Which of Paigets stages is characterized by symbolic representation and egocentrism?

preoperational

Kerry hold his haribrush to his mouth and sings as if the haribrush is a micrphone. This is an example of what type of play?

substitute pretend play

All of the children on Hazel Street have spent the morning building a tree house from scraps of wood and other building materials acquired from a nearby construction site. This is an example of

constructive building

Beth loves to play with her toy telephone. When she holds the receiver to her face and calls "Hi" she is engaging in which type of play

first pretend play

Which type of play that demonstrates cognitive development consistent with the stages identified by Piaget?

rule governed play

At about what age do children begin to prefer rule-governed or formal games

5 or 6

Explain Piaget's concept of conservation

the understanding that matter can change in appearance but not change in quantity

Describe centration

the young child's tendency to think of the world in terms of one variable at a time

A set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviors is known as

theory of mind

Jack and Keri made their parents breakfast using their play food. They thought their parents would be fooled. Their understanding that their parents would figure out the game when they had the plates in their hands is because Jack and Keri both understand

theory of mind

STudies by Flavell, children were presented with a box on which there were pictures of candy. 3 and 4 year old children believed that the box contained candy. It actually contained crayons. The 3 year old believed that the other children would believe tha

false belief principle

Knowledge of words such as want, need, and think is associated with the development of _____

language skills

According to Case, working memory is also known as _____

short term memory space (STSS)

According to Case's neo-Piagetian explanation of children's cognitive development, the key limitation in the cognitive ability of a younger child, compared to an older child, is the younger child's

operational efficency

What refers to a child's ability to think about or evaluate the quality of her thinking?

Matrix classification

What is the term which describes the ability to control and reflect on your own memory functions?

Metamemory

Dave is getting ready for bed. He knows that he must brush his teeth before putting on his PJs. What is Dave demonstrating?

Scripts

What is a stage in cognitive development from birth to age 7, according to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

Zone of proximal development and scaffolding

3 year old child who uses language as a guide to solving problems, such as saying "put it there" to himself as he builds a tower of blocks is using ____

private speech stage

According to Vygotsky in which stage do infants learn through conditioning, until language begins to develop during the second year?

primitive stage

What terms define the ability to link new words to real world referents?

fast-mapping

Approximately how many words will the average 30 month old child have in their vocab?

600

What is the drive that leads to the grammar explosion in children?

no idea

Inflections appearing in the form of adding "ing" to words are common among ___

2.5 to 3 year olds

The use of verb forms of verb tenses (such as eating or ate from the verb eat) defines

inflections

What best represents the earliest inflection used among children learning English, according to Roger Brown

mommy sock

When Simon says, "My hamster runned away, "he is using

over regularization

When children have learned a basic rule of language, such as how to form a plural or a past tense, and then begin to apply the rule when it seems correct, even though it is incorrect, what are they doing?

no ideas

Which term describes a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to his language?

phonological awareness

Which activities would help a child develop phonological awareness?

invented spelling

Describe regarding invented spelling

a strategy young children with good phonological skills use when they write

How is the intelligence quotient calculated

mental age/ chronological age x100

Approximately what percentage of children will score within the average range of IQ testing?

96%

Children whose IQ scores are below ____ are often referred to as retarded, and those who score above ____ are often called gifted

70, 130

The Wechsler Intelligene Scales for Children (WISC-III) is divided into which two subgroups

very easy to very hard problems

Pat is taking a test which measures how efficiently he processes information. What type of scale is being used?

processing speed scales

What are correlation between children's test scores and their current or later grades in school?

0.5-0.6, strong but not perfect

Explain the stability of children's IQ scores

wide fluctuations are common in young childhood. the older the child, the more stable the IQ

Researchers who have analyzed IQ scores of adopted twins have found that identical twins are more like one another in IT than fraternal twins are. They also found that IQs of adopted children are more strongly correlated with the IQs of their biological p

strong genetic element at work

What a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQs

talk to them often using language that is descriptively rich and accurate. operate in zone of proximal development

What does research show to be true regarding children who are enrolled in Head Start or a similar enriched preschool program?

less likely to be placed in special education classes, less likely to repeat a grade, more likely to graduate from high school. healthier, better immunization rates

What is a factual statement about racial differences in IQ test scores in the US?

African American children consistently score lower than White children on IQ tests.