Intelligence
The ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiences
Mental Age
An individual's level of mental development relative to others
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
An individual's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100 deised in 1912 by William Stern
Normal Distribution
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive and express emotions accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and ohers
Heritability
The portion of the variance in a population that is attributed to genes
Culture-fair tests
Intelligence tests that are designed to avoid cultural bias
Bayley Scales of Infant Develpment
Widely used scales, developed by Nancy Bayley, for assessing infant development. The current version, the Bayley-III, has five scales; cognitive, language, motor, socio-emotional, and adaptive; the first three are administered to the infant, the latter tw
Crystallized Intelligence
An individual's accumulated information and verbal skills, which continues to increase with age
Fluid Intelligence
The ability to reason abstractly, which begins to decline in middle adulthood
Cognitive Mechanics
The 'hardware' of the mind, reflecting the neurophysiological architecture of the brain as developed through evolution. Cognitive mechanics involves the speed and accuracy of the processes involving sensory input, visual and motor memory, discrimination,
Cognitive Pragmatics
The culture based software of the mind. Cognitive pragmatics include reading and writing skills, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and also the type of self knowledge and life skills that helps us to master or cope w
Wisdom
Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgement about important matters
Verbal Ability
Ability to understand ideas expressed in words
Verbal Memory
Ability to encode and recall meaningful language units such as a list of words
Numeric Ability
Ability to perform simple mathematical computations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication
Spatial Prientation
Ability to visualize and mentally rotate stimuli in two and three dimensional space
Inductive Reasoning
Ability to recognize and understand patters and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve to her instances of the problem
Perceptual Speed
Ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimiuli
Giftedness
Having above average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something
Use/Misuse of IQ Tests
Use: Scores correlate with school grades and achievement test performance. Correlate with the number of years of education the person will obtain. Correlate with work performance
Misuse: Only predicts about 1/4 of the job variation in job success. Correla
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
People have multiple intelligences
Verbal Intelligence
Ability to think in words and use language to express meaning. Occupations: Authors, journalists, speakers
Mathematical Intelligence
Ability to carry out mathematical operations
Occupations: Scientists, engineers, acountants
Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
Ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept
Occupations: Surgeons craftspeople, dancers, athletes
Musical Intelligence
A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone
Occupations: Composers, musicians, and sensitive listeners
Interpersonal Intellignence
Ability to understand and interact with others
Occupations: Successful teachers, mental health perfessionals
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Ability to understand oneself
Occupations: Theologians, psychologists
Naturalistic Intelligence
Ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems
Occupations: Farmers, botanists, ecologists, landscapers
Analytical Intelligence
Ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
>Tend to be favored in school
>Do well under direct instruction
>Considered smart students who get good grades, do well on tests of intelligence and later get admitted to competitve colleges
Creative Intelligence
Ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine
>Give unique answers
Practical Intelligence
Ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice
>Have excellent social skills and good common sense
Flynn Effect
Worldwide increase in intelligence over a short time frame so it can't be due to heredity
Divergent Thinking
Produces many answers to the same question, characteristic of creativity.
Convergent Thinking
Produces one correct answer, characteristic of the kind of thinking required on conventional intelligence tests