identity versus role confusion
Erikson's term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out "Who am I?" but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt.
identity
A consistent definition of one's self as a unique individual, in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations.
identity achievement
Erikson's term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.
role confusion
A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is. (Also called identity diffusion.)
identity moratorium
An adolescent's choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example.
identity foreclosure
Erikson's term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis.
gender identity
A person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female.
bickering
Petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing
parental monitoring
Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom.
peer pressure
Encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority.
rumination
talking about, remembering, and mentally replaying past unpleasant experiences�is more common among girls. Such recollections may result in a slide into depression
suicidal ideation
Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones.
life-course-persistent offender
A person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal.
adolescence-limited offender
A person whose criminal activity stops by age 21.
generational forgetting
The idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. As used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do.
parasuicide
Any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death.
juvenile delinquent
Any lawbreaker under age 18.
cluster suicides
Several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time.
clinical depression
Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy and worthlessness that last two weeks or more
deviancy training
destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms
crowd
A larger group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily friends.
clique
A group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders.
role confusion / identity diffusion
Opposite of identity achievement. A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is.
identity foreclosure
Erikson's term for premature identity formation, which occurs when the adopt parent' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis. This is usually done in order to halt role confusion.
sadness and depression in adolescents
Self-esteem decreases at puberty. Signs of depression included anger, tears, missing school, not answering the phone.
development of romantic attraction in Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression.
5
anger and aggression in adolescents
Angry outbursts are common in adolescence. Increased anger is normal if expressed in acceptable ways. It may be a concern if an adolescent is consistently aggressive throughout childhood and early adolescence. Steady aggression is far more troubling in th
limbic system; prefrontal cortex
occasional drug use excites the ______ ______ and interferes with the ________ _______ --> drug users are more emotional and less reflective
what is the goal of adolescence according to erikson?
to answer the question of "who am i"
identity achievement
Identity is achieved when adolescents reconsider the goals and values set by their parents and culture, accepting some and rejecting others. With their new autonomy, they maintain continuity with t
what is the most typical sequence to eventual identity achievement
identity status, described my Marcia, that is characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spend in exploring alternatives
be familiar with the material on adolescent employment both in the U.S. and abroad
...
what typically happens to an adolescent whose parents show a high level of interference and control
In contrast, for U.S. adolescents, even a hint of parental interference in their love lives might make them bristle
ideally, who are the best sex educators
parents
what was the result of the abstinence-only sex educations programs promoted in the us in the late 1990
Longitudinal evaluation revealed that the abstinence-only curriculum had little effect. To be specific, about half the students in both experimental (abstinence-only) and control groups had had sex by age 16. The number of partners and use of contraceptiv
when do the most effective sex education programs begins
begin before students become sexually active.
is suicidal ideation more common in adolescent boys or girls
boy
what is the most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers.
ALCOHOL
causes of adolescent rebellion
emotional turmoil, conflict with family, alienation from society, reckless behavior and rejection of adult values are all variables in inclination in adolescent rebellious behavior
outcomes of teen pregnancy
teen mothers are more likely to have low birth babies, because a girl's body is still developing and the baby is fighting for the same nutrients as the mother
teen pregnancy and childbearing
4 in 10 adolescent girls have been pregnant before the age of 20; more than 90% of pregnant girls describe their pregnancy as unintentional
antisocial behavior and delinquency
tends to be genetic; two types of delinquents: 1. early onset (puberty) leads to juvenile delinquent and avoids thinking about the future 2. late onset: milder form, tends to commit fairly minor offenses
three types of dating violence
1. physical 2. emotional 3. sexual; risks factors in dating violence include family conflict, antisocial peers and high crime neighborhood
gender role
refers to behavior patterns that the culture considers appropriate only for men or only for women.
negative identity
A form of foreclosure where the adolescent engages in rebellious activities without any thoughtful questioning or individualizing of their path.
what is the most typical sequence to eventual identity achievement?
1) Religious Identity
2) Gender Identity
Gender identity: A person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female.
Sexual orientation: A term that refers to whether a person is sexually an