Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Cerebellum
Name the 4 main regions of the brain
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
Name the regions of the cerebellum from superior to inferior.
Corpus Callosum
What structure made of white matter joins the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissure
What structure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Gyri
What are elevated (ridges) portions of the cerebrum?
Insula
What lobe of the cerebrum is not visible from the surface?
Lateral sulcus
What sulcus separates the temporal lobe out from other lobes?
Cerebral cortex
What is the thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum?
Occipital lobe
Where is visual perception located?
Temporal lobe
Where are the auditory and olfactory centers
Primary motor cortex
What is located on the precentral gyrus where the motor homunculi lies
Broca�s area
What is the name of the site of language production?
Postcentral gyrus
Where on the parietal lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
Wernicke�s area
What area of the cerebrum is responsible for comprehension of speech?
Limbic cortex/system
What is the name of the nuclei responsible for emotions, behavior and memory?
Hippocampus and amygdala
What are the name of the brain structures responsible for long-term
memory and emotional responses?
Gustatory cortex and visceral sensory area
What are two responsibilities of the insula?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What are the two main regions of the diencephalon?
Thalamus
What region is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebrum?
Hypothalamus
What region controls homeostasis, ANS, endocrine system and temperature?
Epithalamus
Where is melatonin produced?
Corpora Quadrigemina
What region of the midbrain contains the superior and inferior colliculi?
Medulla
What region of the midbrain are the cardiovascular and respiratory
centers located?
Cerebellum
What part of the brain is informed of the body's position and
momentum to calculate the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction?
Arbor vitae
What is the term for the tree like pattern of white matter in the cerebellum?
Conus medullaris
What is the term for the inferior end of the spinal cord?
Filum terminale
What is the term for the long and thin structure that anchors the
spinal cord to the coccyx?
Cauda Equina
What are the collection of nerve roots at the inferior portion of the
vertebral canal called?
Posterior median sulcus and anterior median fissure
What are the two lengthwise grooves dividing the spinal cord into
left and right halves?
Dorsal horn
What portion of the spinal cord receives somatic and visceral sensory input?
Ventral horn
What portion of the spinal cord�s white matter contains motor neurons?
Dorsal root ganglion
What is the name for the collection of sensory cell bodies in the
dorsal root?
columns
Areas of white matter in the spinal cord are referred to as:
dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
Name the three layers of the meninges from outer to inner:
Dura mater
What is the strongest meningeal layer?
Subarachnoid space
In what space does the CSF flow?
In the ventricles of the brain
Where is CSF produced?
Cerebral aqueduct
What structure connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?
Interventricular foramina
What structures connect the two lateral ventricles?
Septum pellucidum
What separates the two lateral ventricles anteriorly?
Choroid plexus
What do all 4 ventricles contain, which is where the CSF originates from?
Ependymal cells
What glial cells have cilia that beat to move the CSF?
Ganglia
What are a cluster of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?
Nerve
What is a bundle of myelinated and unmyelinated axons enclosed by
connective tissue?
Mixed nerves
What type of nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons?
VII facial
What cranial nerve is motor for facial muscles but sensory for taste?
III oculomotor, IV trochlear, VI abducens
What cranial nerves are motor for eye movements? There are 3:
I olfactory, II optic, VII vestibulocochlear
What cranial nerves are purely sensory?
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
mixed
Are all spinal nerves motor, sensory, or mixed nerves?
8
How many pairs of cranial spinal nerves are there?
Ventral roots
Which nerve roots only contain motor fibers?
Spinal nerve
The ventral and dorsal root unite to form what?
Ventral
Which is the larger ramus; ventral or dorsal?
Mixed
Are the rami (ventral and dorsal) motor, sensory, or mixed nerves?
Cervical
What plexus does the phrenic nerve belong to?
Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, ulnar,
Which nerves belong to the brachial plexus (5)?
Lumbar
The femoral and obturator nerve belong to which plexus?
Sciatic
The tibial and common fibular nerves make up which larger nerve?
Dermatome
What is an area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of single
spinal nerve?
Hilton�s law
Any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at joint also
innervates joint and skin over joint. What law is this?