another word for foramen?
opening
another word for process?
a projection
another word for fossa?
depression (in bone)
another word for a sinus?
space
how many bones are in the skull?`
22
how many bones are cranial? `
8 (2 paired)
how many bones are facial?
14 (2 single)
bones of the cranium include? (FPOTSE)
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
bones of the face include?
maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal
concha, and lacrimal
the orbital bones include?
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, and lacrimal
the superior orbital fissure is in what division of the trigeminal nerve?
ophthalmic
the foramen rotundum is in what division of the trigeminal nerve?
maxillary
the foramen ovale is in what division of the trigeminal nerve?
mandibular
the medial and lateral pterygoid plate , and the hamulus are a part
of which bone?
sphenoid bone
which cranial nerve controls sense of smell?
olfactory
which cranial nerve is the sense of sight?
optic
which cranial nerve controls eye muscles, pupils, and lens?
oculomotor
which cranial nerves controls just the eye muscles?
trochlear and abducens
which cranial nerve controls ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions?
trigeminal
which cranial nerve controls facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3
of tongue, via chorda tympani), and the sublingual & submandibular glands?
facial
which cranial nerve controls the sense of balance and hearing?
vestibulocochlear
which cranial nerve controls taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue and
the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal
which cranial nerve involves smooth muscles and glands of the body?
vagus
which cranial nerve involves the trapezius, sternocleidomastiod,
pharynx, and larynx?
accessory
which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the
tongue except for the palatoglossal mm which is
controlled by cranial nerves X and XI?
hypoglossal
the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve and what is included in each
branch (drawing)
ophthalmic branch leaves through the?
superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve leaves the skull through the?
foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone
the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve leaves the skull
through the?
foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone
the anterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal
nerve innervates what?
the temporalis, masseter, and medial & lateral pterygoid muscles
the posterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal
nerve innervates what?
the inferior alveolar, mental, and lingual nerves
in the maxilla, the nerve that innervates the pulp also innervates the?
buccal gingiva
where does the blood supply come from for the muscles of mastication?
the maxillary artery (branch of external carotid artery)
what is the origin, insertion, and function of the temporalis muscle
(mm of mastication)?
TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
O: temporal fossa
I: coronoid process
F: retract and elevate the mandible
what is the origin, insertion, and function of the masseter muscle
(mm of mastication)?
MASSETER MUSCLE
O: zygomatic arch
I: outer surface of the mandible
F: elevate the mandible
what is the origin, insertion, and function of the medial pterygoid
muscle (mm of mastication)?
MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and max. tuberosity
I: inner surface of the angle of the mandible
F: elevate and protrude the mandible
what is the origin, insertion, and function of the lateral pterygoid
muscle (mm of mastication)?
LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE
O: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and
infratemporal surface of the sphenoid bone
I: TMJ disc and neck of mandibular condyle
F: protrude and or depress the mandible and allows side to
side shifts of the mandible
levator means
lift
depressor means
pulls down
anguli means
angle
orbicularis means
circular
oculi means
eye
oris means
mouth
nasii means
nose
labii means
lip
superioris means
upper
inferioris means
lower
aleque means
side
what are 3 mm that help us smile?
zygomaticus, levator anguli oris, and risorius
orbicularis oris function
pucker lips
orbicularis oculi function
squint
levator labii superioris function
lift upper lip
levator labii superioris aleque nasii function
lip upper lip and flare nostrils
depressor anguli oris function
pulls down corner of mouth
depressor labii inferioris function
pull down lower lip
mentalis function
pout
platysma function
neck webbing
buccinator function
compresses cheek
(enlarges with bruxism)
(originates from the pterygomandibular raphe and inserts into
the muscles of the lip)
which muscle is important for chewing, swallowing, and speaking since
it comprises the floor of the mouth and work with the lateral
pterygoid mm to open the mouth?
hyoid muscles
whats the cranial nerve innervation of the hyoid muscles?
5th and 7th cranial nerves
H-Y-O-I-D (5 letters)
M-U-S-C-L-E-S (7 letters)
which muscles stabilize the hyoid bone
the infrahyoid muscles
the infrahyoid muscles include? (4)
thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid (sternum), omohyoid (shoulder)
the suprahyoid muscles include the? (4)
mylohyoid (floor of mouth), geniohyoid, digastric, and stylohyoid
the SCM innervates which cranial nerve?
accessory nerve XI
in an emergency, you should take the pulse in which artery for an adult?
carotid artery
in an emergency AND nonemergency situation, you should take the pulse
in which artery for a child
brachial artery
in a nonemergency situation, you should take the pulse in which
artery for a adult?
radial artery
deoxygenated blood flow of the heart (to the lungs)
1) superior vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricuspid valve
4) right ventricle
5) pulmonary artery (to lungs)
oxygenated blood flow of the heart (to body)
1) pulmonary vein (from lungs)
2) left atrium
3) bicuspid (mitral) valve
4) left ventricle
5) aorta (to body)
blood flow from the heart to the head
aorta
right side: brachiocephalic artery, branching to the common carotid
left side: common carotid
right and left common carotids branch into the internal and
external carotid
the internal carotid artery involves the?
skull, eye, and brain
the external carotid artery involves the?
teeth, mm of mastication, tongue, face, lips (everything else)
what are the 3 major branches of the external carotid artery?
maxillary, lingual, and facial
the maxillary branch of the external carotid artery gives blood flow to?
the teeth, mm of mastication, and ear
the lingual branch of the external carotid artery gives blood flow to?
the tongue and floor of the mouth
the facial branch of the external carotid artery gives blood flow to?
the muscles of facial expression, lips, eyelids, soft palate, and throat
the jugular vein runs along with which artery?
runs with the carotid artery
which body system helps the venous circulation return interstitial
fluid to the blood stream from the tissues of the body and plays a key
role in our immune system?
the lymphatic system
what is the fundamental functional unit of the body?
a cell
which part of the cell controls the passage of materials into and out
of the cell?
the membrane
which part of the cell is a watery gel enclosed by the membrane
cytoplasm
which part of the cell stores DNA and directs all cellular activities?
nucleus
which part of the cell is a ribosome filled membranous network and
the site of cellular protein synthesis (mRNA to protein)
endoplasmic reticulum
which part of the cell packages cellular protein product for secretion?
golgi bodies
which part of the cell is the center for energy production (ATP) and respiration
mitochondira
the mitochondria uses oxygen with which cycle?
the Krebs cycle
which part of the cell is responsible for phagocytosis and digestion?
lysosomes
which part of the cell provides structural support?
filaments and tubules
embryology: the developmental summary of the oral cavity and face
most structures of the oral cavity develop from two embryonic
processes. what are they?
frontal process and 1st branchial arch
the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and hyoid bone develop from which
branchial arches?
2nd and 3rd branchial arches
the development of the face begins in which week?
3rd week
the upper lip is complete within how many weeks?
6-8 weeks
the upper lip is formed by the fusion of the?
median nasal process and right& left maxillary processes
the palate develops within which weeks?
6-12 weeks
do embryonic processes fuse anterior to posterior or posterior to anterior>
anterior to posterior
most abnormalities occur during which trimester of pregnancy?
the 1st trimester
which papilla contains no taste buds?
filiform
on which papilla does geographic tongue and hairy tongue occur?
it occurs on filiform papilla
the glands of Von Ebner are a part of which papilla?
circumvallate
what is the sulcus terminalis?
the v shaped line separating the anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3
of the tongue
where is the foramen caecum found?
the center or point of the sulcus terminalis
where is the site of the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland>
the foramen caecum
which salivarygland produces 65% of total saliva?
the submandibular gland
which duct empties under the tongue for the submandibular gland?
whartons duct
is the submandibular gland serous or mucous?
mixed but mostly serous
which gland produces 10% of total saliva?
the sublingual gland
which duct is a part of the sublingual gland?
bartholins duct
is the sublingual gland serous or mucous
mixed but mostly mucous
which gland produces 25% of total saliva?
the parotid gland
which duct is involved with the parotid gland?
stenson's duct
is the parotid gland serous or mucous?
serous only
the ducts of the salivary glands are lined by which types of cells?
stratified cuboidal epithelial cells
the salivary glands are exocrine glands because?
they have ducts
the flow of saliva is stimulated by which nervous system?
the parasympathetic nervous system
functions of thesalivary glands include?
moistening the mouth, cleansing the mouth, lubricating the oral
tissues, and buffering the pH
development of the face begins at how many weeks?
3 weeks
the stomodeum is lined by?
the ectoderm
the ectoderm is lined by the?
mesoderm
what separates the mesoderm and ectoderm
the basement membrane
enamel derives from the?
ectoderm
dentin and pulp derive from the
ectomesenchyme
the DEJ derives from the?
derives from the basement membrane
when the tooth structure is produced layer by layer it's called?
appositional growth
root formation begins after?
the crown is complete
root formation ends how many years after eruption?
1-4 years
what helps determine the outline of the root and dissolves?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS)
HERS develops from?
the internal and external enamel epithelium
remnants of HERS that have the potential to form cysts are known as?
rests of Malassez
Remnants of the dental lamina are known as?
Rests of Serres
the oral mucosa is composed of what kind of epithelial layer?
stratified squamous epithelial layer
is the masticatory mucosal tissue keratinized or nonkeratinized?
keratinized
the masticatory mucosal tissue protects?
the attached gingiva and the hard palate
the keratinization of the attached gingiva ends at the?
mucogingival margin
is the lining mucosa keratinzed or not keratinized?
not keratinized
the lining mucosa includes which mucosa?
alveolar, vestibular, and buccal mucosa; also the floor of the mouth
the specialized mucosa refers to?
the papilla of the tongue
enamel is what percentage mineralized?
96% mineralized
what produces enamel?
ameloblasts
incremental lines from mineralization are known as?
lines of retzius
dentin is what percentage mineralized?
70% mineralized
does cementum, dentin, or enamel form the greatest bulk of the tooth?
dentin
dentin is produced by?
odontoblasts from the dental papilla
the 1st layer of dentin immediately adjacent to the DEJ is the?
mantle dentin
the remaining dentin other than the 1st layer of dentin that's
adjacent to the pulp is known as?
circumpulpal dentin
primary dentin is deposited before completion of the?
root
secondary dentin develops after the tooth is in?
occlusion
odontoblastic processes are found in what part of the dentin?
dentinal tubules
cementum is what percentage mineralized?
50% mineralized like bone
cementum is produced by?
cementoblasts located in the PDL
the cementum is thinnest at what portion of the tooth?
the cervical portion
the cementum is thickest at what portion of the tooth?
the apex
cementum is acellular at which part?
CEJ
the cementum is nourished by the?
PDL
PDL is composed of?
dense collagen and fibroblasts
the PDL is attached to cementum by the?
Sharpey's fibers
oblique fibers are the most numerous in the PDL. true or false
TRUE