Female reproductive system is a more complex system than __________.
Not only must she produce _________, but her body must prepare to
nurture a ___________ _______ for approximately _________ months.
male gametes developing fetus 9
months
the _________ are the female gonads, as __________ are for
male These are a ______ of gametes, ______ -shaped glands
containing approximately __________ primordial follicles.
ovaries testis 400,000 primordial
follicles
Ovaries are __________ and __________ Sex Organs
Ovaries are suspended by several ___________ called ____________
ligaments.
gonads Primary ligaments Broad
Ligaments
The suspensory ligaments and mesovarium are part of the _______
_____________, a _________ fold that "tents" over the uterus
and support :
3 organs __________, ____________ and ___________.
Broad ligaments peritoneal fold the uterine
tubes, uterus and vagina
Ovaries produce haploid ________ by ___________ Ova is
the female _____________ Ova is the one to be _________ by
male gamete _______
Ova Oogenesis gamete fertilized
spermatozoid
Both ovaries are lined by ___________ _________, which consists
of: Simple __________ epithelium that covers the
ovary. Bellow we find the _______ __________ which is a
capsule of collagenous CT.
Germinal Epithelium cuboidal tunica
albuginea
___________ is the outer cortex, and the inner medulla
The outer cortex region contain the _____ _____
Stroma Ovarian follicles
Grafian follicles, now called _________ __________ is a mature
________ and its surrounding tissue secrete ______________
Vesicular Follicle Ovum
Estrogen
Corpus __________ produces __________ and estrogen
Corpus Luteum progesterone
Ova stages start with :
Oocyte = ________, is a Secondary __________ is the
last section of maturation of the oocyte.
Oocyte (egg) is an immature egg encased by one or more layers
of very different cells called Follicle cells Oocyte are
the product from meiosis of dormant cells.
oocyte
3.- Secondary oocyte extend from the deepest part of the ovarian
cortex and bulges from the surface of the ovary, and its oocyte sits
proudly on a stalk of granulosa cells at one side of the antrum to be
ovulated, This is called ________
Ovulation
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very
different looking glandular structure called __________ ____________
(yellow body), which eventually degenerates. During all this process,
it is going to release ____________ _________
Corpus Luteum progesteron estrogen
The Uterine Tubes, also called _________ tubes or __________ form the
initial part of the female duct system where mature ______ travel to
the Uterus.
Fallopian tubes oviducts ovum
1- The mature ova once released is caught by a structure called
___________ which is a ______ -shaped structure that sweep over the
surface of the ___________ in search of the ovulated mature ______.
fimbriae finger ovaries ovum
2-_____________ is the opening into the fallopian tube
Infundibulum
The Fallopian Tube is :
approx. _____ long. Homologous to the________
______ of the male. Fallopian tubes conveys the _______,
to the __________
4" Ductus Deferens Ovum
Uterus
Fallopian tube is lined with: _________ cells which
beat and carry the ovum toward the uterus. It takes
about _____ days.
Ciliated 3
Uterus, also called the ________, _____ -shaped, is the site of
_________________ and ______________ of a fetus.
the womb Implantation development
There are 3 basic layers of the uterus:
Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
1- Perimetrium
a serous membrane (visceral peritoneum) IT BECOMES the
Broad Ligament
2- Myometrium
3 layers of smooth muscle 75% of the thickness of the
uterus
3- Endometrium
The nutritive inner lining which is divided in Stratum
Functionalis Stratum Basales
Stratus Functionalis
is the one that shed during menstruation
Stratus Basales
is permanent and forms the site of menstruation, implantation of a
zygote, and development of the fetus during pregnancy.
_____________ is the top dome shaped portion of the uterus
Fundus
____________ is the major and main portion at the center of the uterus
The Body
______________ is the lower neck portion of the uterus , and projects
to the vagina (inferiorly)
The cervix
__________ os is between the uterine cavity and the cervical cavity
Internal Os
__________ os is where the cervix opens into the vagina
External Os
____________ is the female copulatory organ, which is:
shape _________ Tissue _________ serves
as a ______________ for menstrual flow, copulation and ???
Vagina
Tubular fibromuscular organ
passageway
Vagina is lined with :
___________
Vagina produces and _________ mucus to
kill ________ and to act as a _____________
Stratified squamous epithelium acidic mucus
bacteria lubricant
Vagina is
about _____ long. contain _________ which are a
series of transverse folds.
4" Rugae
The vagina orifice is __________ opening to the vagina
the ______________ is a membrane sheet of tissue which may form
a border around the orifice.
exterior Hymen
_____________ is the external genetalia of the female; it includes:
Vullva
Labium Majora Labium Minora The
clitoris Anus
______________ is an elevation of adipose tissue which cushions the
pubic _________ during sexual intercourse.
Mons Pubis pubic symphysis
_________ _________ are two large longitudinal folds of skin; they
are homologous to the ____________ in the male.
Labium _________ contain _________, ______ and ___
The Labium Majora scrotum Majora
adipose sweat glands oil glands
________ _________ are two smaller folds of skin medial to the labia __________.
They contain many _____ glands for ___________ during sexual intercourse.
Labia minora majora oil
lubrication
______________ is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue. It is
covered by a prepuce and is homologous to the _____________ of the male.
The clitoris penis
_____________ _____ are modified sweat glands that produce milk.
Mammary Glands
Mammary Glands contain about ___ to ___ lobes or compartments, each
of which is divided into several smaller compartments called __________.
15 to 20 Lobules
The lobules contain milk-secretion glands called ______
alvioli
The alveoli drain milk into a series of ducts which open onto the
surface of the ________ which is the pigmented projection located in
the middle of a circular pigmented area called the _____________.
niple areola
Ovarian
Cycle is the ___________ events associated with the
maturation of an _________.
monthly ovum
GnRF means
Gonadotropin Releasing Factor
Gonadotropin Releasing Factor (GnRF) originates from __
Gonadotropin RF regulates ________________
Gonadotropin RF stimulates _________________
Hypothalamus both cycles (menstrual and ovarian)
the release of FSH and LH from the adenohypophysis
FSH stands for
Follicule Stimulated Hormone
LH stands for
Leutenizing Hormone
FSH is a hormone that __________ the development of ovarian
follicular cells and stimulating them the ________ of estrogen
Stimulates Secretion
LH is a hormone that
stimulates maturation of the __________, brings
about __________, stimulates production of ________ and
_________ stimulate production of _____ (pubis symphysis
cartilage)
follicles ovulation estrogen and
progesteron relaxin
Estrogen is responsible for the development and maintenance of :
___________________________________
Female reproductive structures secondary sex
characteristics the breast endometrial lining of the
uterus (stimulates Endometrial built up). control fluid and
electrolyte balance increases protein anabolism
(building)
Estrogen is ___________ to testosterone
analogous
The major source of Estrogen are:
ovaries developing follicle corpus
luteum
The stimulus for release of estrogen comes from
FSH (and LH)
___________- is a placental hormon that relaxes pubis symphysis and
aids in the dilatation of the cervix
Relaxin
The menstrual cycle start between the day____________ with an
average of ____ days in its process. Menstruation
discharges monthly about ____ to ___ ml of ________, _______, ______
and ________
24 to 35 28 Fluid tissue blood
mucus Epithelial cells from endothelium
Menstruation is cause by a sudden drop in __________ and
__________ levels. Last for about _____ days
Estrogen progesteron 5
Stratus ________ degenerates, the uterine gland discharge their
contests and ___________.
Functionalis collapse
The flow of menstruation is from the _______, ______, ______ and
__________ found in the stratum _________.
Uterine cavity cervix to the vagina and
exterior functionalis
Menstruation last about ____ days until ONLY the stratum __________
is left.
5 basale
Ovulation cycle start on day ____ of ____, when __________ cycle is
Starting. This process stimulates the Hypothalamus to produce
_________________________, which stimulates ___________ pituitary to
release hormones ________ and _________.
1 of 28 approx. menstruation GnRF
(gonadotropin Releasing factor) Anterior FSH and
LH
Before day 1, primordial follicles became __________ follicles
which were chosen from a set to start developing _____
hormone is released by anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth of
the follicle to be ovulated.
Primary
Follicle FSH
After day __-___ (during the menstrual cycle) the follicles have
developed into __________ follicle, which contain ___________ cells
and fluid called ______________ fluid.
4-5
Secondary
follicle Follicular Cells Follicular
Fluid
Follicular fluid forces the ovum to move to ____________ of the ____________
the side follicle
Levels of ___________ and ___________ are raised during secondary
follicular phase.
Only _____ follicle will mature, the rest will degenerate and
undergo _________________.
estrogen and FSH one apoptosis
Pre-
ovulatory phase happen between the end of
menstruation and __________; and last from day ____ to day ____
ovulation 6 13
____ and ____ hormones from the pituitary work together to stimulate
the follicles cells to produce __________.
This causes the ___________ lining from Uterus to built up, where
glands develop and blood supply increases
This phase is also called _____________ in the uterus, due to the
growth of the stratum ______________
FSH and LH estrogen Endometrial
Proliferative Functionalis
Also between days 6 to 13 (pre-ovulatory) is called
_____________ phase, due to follicles cells producing more
___________, which becomes the ________ hormone.
Follicular phase estrogen dominant
hormone
Only ____ follicle will develop from about 20 follicles. It is going
to be called _________ or _________ follicle.
During follicle developing levels of estrogen ___________.
1 Grafian, or Vesicular follicle
increases
FSH was the domain hormone during early pre-ovulatory phase, but now
____ is the dominant hormone close the time of _________ and is
secreted in _________ concentrations
LH ovulation High
Ovulation occurs with the rupture of the
_______ follicle, and the __________ of the ovum on day ________.
Grafian release 14
More increase of estrogen inhibits _________, therefore _________ is
inhibited also.
GnRF FSH
After ovulation, the Grafian follicle ___________, and becomes the
Corpus ______________. where its cells enlarge and form the Corpus _____________.
collapses hemorrhagicum Luteal
Post-ovulatory phase is the time between _________ and
___________, and last from day ___ to _____ (in a ___ day
cycle)
Ovulation Mensus 15 28
28
LH stimulates the development of Corpus _________, which secretes
_____________ and ______________.
Luteal estrogen progesteron
Progesteron prepares the endometrium for _____________ of a
__________ ovum. It takes about ___ week for endometrium to
be ready.
implantation fertilized 1
FSH secretion and LH secretion ________, and now it is time for the
_______ _______ to produce estrogen and ____________
decrease Corpus Luteal Progesteron
If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the rising
levels of estrogen and progesteron from the corpus luteum ________
GnRF and LH.
Corpus Luteum degenerates to become the corpus ________ and
estrogen and progesteron levels ________
Inhibit albicans decrease
What HCG stands for.
HCG is a hormone developed by the __________
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Placenta
If fertilization and implantation DO NOT occur, then the Corpus
Luteal is __________ for ___-____ weeks (for ______ and ________
hormones production).
HCG will be the one producing _________ and ________ hormones in
greater amounts than Corpus Luteal.
maintain 8 to 10 weeks estrogen
progesterone estrogen progesterone
Pregnancy is supported by __________ hormone.
Progesterone also supports __________ and _______ development after pregnancy.
estrogen pregnancy breast
The first menstruation is called _________
Menarch
The last menstruation is called _________
Menopause
When menstrual cycles become less frequent is called
Climacteric
Climacteric occurs when women are around ____ to ____ years
old. It happens because ______ fail to respond to GnRF
hormones, causing secondary effects physiological like : ______,
_____, _________ _______, etc.
40 to 50 ovaries Hotflashes
sweating emotional instability
________ __________ is a method used to prevent the union of a sperm
with a mature ovum
Birth Control