Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Cat Version: Neural Lecture exam Flashcards

Know the function of the nervous system

Sensory, integrative-analyzing, sensory input and making decisions
about response. *Only Sensory and integrative functions

The peripheral nervous system can be divided into:

Autonomic and Somatic nervous system

The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into:

Both Sympathetic and parasympathetic division

This has the property of electrical excitability

Skeletal muscle cells, neurons, and cardiac muscle cells.

This is the site of protein synthesis in a neuron

The Nissl Body, which contains rough ER

Nerve fiber refers to:

The axon and myelin sheath

This type of neuron has one main dendrite and one main axon.

Bipolar neurons

When do Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons

Fetal Development

This contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons,
axon terminals and neruoglia.

Gray matter

Plasticity means

The quality of being able to be made into different shapes, molded

Saltatory conduction is what

This occurs only in myelinated axons. The process by which if
insulating myelin is present on an axon then the nerve impulses that
is conducted will "jump" from gap to gap in the myelin layer.

Which axons have the largest diameter

Fibers

Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial

Dura Mater

What meningial space contains cerebrospinal fuid

Subarachnoid space

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of:

Pia mater

This spinal cord enlargement results from nervous input from the
lower extremities.

Lumbar Enlargement

This part of the spinal cord contains only sensory axons that conduct
nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and
internal organs into the CNS.

Posterior Root

Which layer is found surrounding the entire spinal nerve?

Epineurium

Which type of axons contain endoneurium?

Both myelinated and unmyelinated

Use the following image to answer these questions:
Where is the posterior median sulcus?
Where is the lateral white column?
Where is the anterior gray horn?
Where is the anterior white column?

A
D
H
I

The brain and spinal cord develop from ______ arranged in a tubular
structure called the neural tube.

Ectoderm

This gives rise to the midbrain and aqueduct of the midbrain.

The mesencephalon

Know the major parts of the brain

Brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum, diencephalon (thalamus,
hypothalamus, and epithalamus

This consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Brain stem

This consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Diencephalon

Which meninge has two layers?

Cranial dura mater

This separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Longitudinal fissure or falx cerebri

This protects the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances
and pathogens

Blood brain barrier

Which ventricle is located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Lateral ventricle

These are fingerlike projections that reabsorb CSF

Arachnoid villi

This is a narrow cavity along the midline superior to the
hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

Third ventricle

Where is the pineal gland found

Epithalamus

Olfactory receptors are found

Only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity

These cells provide for the sense of smell

Olfactory cells

These provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation
for olfactory receptors.

Supporting cells

What is adaptation

Generator potential or receptor potential decreases in amplitude
during a maintained, constant stimulus.Decreasing sensitivity

Know where the olfactory tract projects

Goes to the limbic region controlled by the lymbic system

These cells provide for the sense of taste

Gustatory

Taste buds are found

Superior surface of the tongue, epiglottis, pharynx, soft palate

Which papillae do not contain taste buds?

Filiform

Which nerves serves in a gustatory function?

Vagus

Know the accessory structures of the eye

NOT retina. Eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, eyebrows

What is the space between the upper and lower eyelids?

Papebral fissure

This is a thin layer that protects the anterior surface of the eyeball

Conjunctiva

What is the correct order in the flow of tears? 6 of them

Lacrimal gland, extratory lacrimal ducts, superior/inferior lacrimal
canals, lacrimal sac, then nasal lacrimal duct, then nasal cavity

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving the eye?

6

This is the transparent coat that covers the iris

Cornea