True or False:
The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.
TRUE
True or False:
The mammary glands are present in both sexes.
TRUE
Effects of estrogen include ________.
growth of the larynx deepening of the voice increased
oiliness of the skin growth of the breasts at puberty
Growth of the breasts at puberty
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature
ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where
did the other two arise?
One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.
What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will
fertilize the egg.
The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.
Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced
The mammary glands belong to which of the following systems?
integumentary system reproductive system endocrine
system immune system
Integumentary system
Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?
suppresses the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
promotes water loss (diuresis) promotes oogenesis promotes lactation
Promotes oogenesis
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult
would cause ________.
excessive beard growth
shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
increased spermatogenesis
decreased testosterone secretion
Decreased testosterone secretion
Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation,
approximately every 28 days?
myometrium stratum functionalis of the endometrium
mesometrium stratum basalis of the endometrium
Stratum functionalis of the endometrium
True or False:
Failure to attain erection is called erectile dysfunction.
TRUE
Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?
primary oocyte secondary oocyte ovum oogonium
Secondary oocyte
What is the role of the corpus luteum?
to stimulate the female sexual response
ovulation
to produce the primary oocytes
to produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining during the
first months of pregnancy
to produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining during the first
months of pregnancy
Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics
such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, enhanced
hair growth on the chest, and a deepening voice?
FSH LH GnRH testosterone
Testosterone
Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine?
epididymis ductus (vas) deferens urethra
ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to
continue the pool of dividing germ cells?
secondary spermatocyte type B daughter cell primary
spermatocyte type A daughter cell or spermatogonium
Type A daughter cell or spermatogonium
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive
process is not true?
Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the
decrease in secretion of female hormones.
Fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.
Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?
Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their
location in the scrotum.
They move away from the pelvic cavity.
They move close to the pelvic cavity.
Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the
maturation of sperm.
They move away from the pelvic cavity.
In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following
fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case
would be ________.
dizygotic identical fraternal of different sexes
Identical
The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is __________; this is
referred to as the __________ chromosome number.
23; diploid 46; diploid 23; haploid 46; haploid
23; haploid
Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile
tissue like the penis?
mons pubis labia majora vulva clitoris
Clitoris
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due
to ________.
gravity peristaltic contractions hormonal action
enzymatic activity
Peristaltic contractions
Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
stimulates the male pattern of development
contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis
stimulates mammary gland development
stimulates protein synthesis
stimulates mammary gland development
Why are the male testes located in the scrotum outside the body?
Immature sperm are temperature sensitive.
It helps the male secondary sexual characteristics develop.
Their external location is necessary for penile development.
The testes develop better outside the body.
Immature sperm are temperature sensitive.
During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control?
ejaculatory duct epididymis ductus (vas) deferens urethra
Ductus (vas) deferens
True or False:
The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix.
TRUE
The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
synthesize female hormones
receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles
protect the ovaries
Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
Why CAN'T polar bodies be fertilized?
Polar bodies are diploid.
Polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm.
Polar bodies have too few chromosomes.
Polar bodies can be fertilized, resulting in the formation of
fraternal twins.
Polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm.
What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly
from the mons pubis?
greater vestibular glands labia majora clitoris
labia minora
Labia majora
What determines the gender (sex) of a child?
hormones produced by the mother
sex chromosomes
autosomes
hormones produced by the father
sex chromosomes
The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________.
presence of testosterone lack of an X chromosome
inhibition of estrogen the SRY gene
The SRY gene
True or False:
The ovaries are situated in the peritoneal cavity flanking the uterus.
TRUE
Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the
suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood.
There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the
urinary system.
Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by
urinary contraction muscles.
The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord?
rete testis testicular arteries and veins
epididymis seminiferous tubules
Testicular arteries and veins
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female?
The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium.
The vagina is also called the birth canal.
The vaginal mucosa lacks glands.
The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline.
The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline
True or False:
Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized.
TRUE
Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female
reproductive structures with their functions?
vagina/birth canal
uterus/the womb (area of development of the fetus)
ovarian follicle/ovum (egg) production
uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from
the body
uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal from
the body
True or False:
Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis.
TRUE
True or False:
Gametes are produced by meiosis.
TRUE
What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center
of each breast?
sebaceous glands areola lactiferous ducts lobe
Areola
Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?
Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful
discharges in males.
Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or
bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
True or False:
When it is cold, the scrotum is pulled away from the body.
FALSE
The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.
ductus deferens urethra epididymis corpus spongiosum
Corpus spongiosum
How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?
one functional gamete two functional gametes three
functional gametes four functional gametes
One functional gamete
True or False:
The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first
polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material.
TRUE
Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?
sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) spermatogenic cells myoid
cells interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
Why does meiosis involve two nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis?
Meiosis produces two genetically identical cells through the two
nuclear divisions.
Meiosis creates gametes with double the original chromosome number.
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.
Meiosis produces four cells, eachwith identical chromosomes.
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n
during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves
meiosis only
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis
four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis
four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
True or False:
Sperm from the male parent determines the gender of the child.
TRUE
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary
glands of both males and females?
All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.
The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part
of the integumentary system.
Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part
of the integumentary system.
During what phase of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle is the
uterine lining shed?
preovulatory phase secretory, or postovulatory, phase
proliferative phase menstrual phase
Menstrual phase
Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the
volume of semen?
the bulbo-urethral glands the seminal glands the
prostate the pituitary
The seminal glands
Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle?
endometrium perimetrium mesometrium myometrium
Myometrium
True or False:
Sexually transmitted diseases are an important cause of female
fertility problems.
TRUE
True or False:
The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is
dependent on the influence of FSH alone.
FALSE
True or False:
A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
FALSE
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
labia minora labia majora clitoris vagina
Labia majora
True or False:
When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is
necessary to investigate the sperm of the male.
TRUE
True or False:
Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.
FALSE
Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
ICSH GnRH inhibin ACTH
Inhibin
If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes
would the zygote contain?
triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the
chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development
would not occur
twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the
chromosome number would continue to double and normal development
could not occur
half the diploid number with no change in development
There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.
Twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the
chromosome number would continue to double and normal development
could not occur
At what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?
prophase I metaphase I prophase II anaphase I
Prophase I
True or False:
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.
FALSE
True or False:
It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature for
abundant, viable sperm formation.
TRUE
What event occurs during the proliferative phase?
ovulation
menstruation
stratum functionalis is shed
enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare for
reception of an embryo
Ovulation
Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________.
the luteal phase pregnancy ovulation the
follicular phase
The follicular phase
Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during
oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed
from one stem cell?
Only one egg can be fertilized at a time.
The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three
polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its
journey to the uterus.
Actually, gametogenesis (oogenesis in the female and spermatogenesis
in the male) produces four eggs and four sperm.
The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that the
sperm undergo.
The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three
polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its
journey to the uterus.
Sperm is produced in the __________ of the testes.
tunica albuginea myoid cells tunica vaginalis
seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules
Why is the blood testis barrier important?
because immature sperm cells lose their motility when they encounter
any blood component
because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens
that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
because the barrier traps sex hormones, keeping them at a higher
level than the blood.
Because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens
that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for
fertilization, are called the ________.
infundibula fimbriae Graafian follicles uterine tubes
Uterine tubes
True or False:
The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone.
FALSE
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
interstitial endocrine cells spermatogonia
sustenocytes spermatocytes
Interstitial endocrine cells