1) Stem cell.
Answer: A
2) First cells with n number of chromosomes.
Answer: D
3) Type B spermatogonia.
Answer: B
4) Early spermatids.
Answer: E
5) Primary spermatocyte.
Answer: C
6) Acrosome.
Answer: B
7) Location of mitochondria.
Answer: A
8) Midpiece.
Answer: A
9) Location of nucleus.
Answer: C
10) Area of compacted DNA.
Answer: C
11) Flagellum.
Answer: D
12) The stage called ovulation.
Answer: E
13) Vesicular (Graafian) follicle.
Answer: C
14) Primary follicles.
Answer: B
15) Primordial follicle.
Answer: A
16) Corpus luteum.
Answer: D
17) Mature follicle.
Answer: C
18) One division consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
B) Mitosis
19) Produces haploid cells.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
A) Meiosis
20) Produces cells for growth and tissue repair.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
B) Mitosis
21) Occurs in two stages.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
A) Meiosis
22) Forms tetrads.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
A) Meiosis
23) Produces four daughter cells.
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
A) Meiosis
24) Human papillomavirus.
B) Genital warts
25) Treponema pallidum.
E) Syphilis
26) Urethritis in males.
A) Gonorrhea
27) Human herpes virus type 2.
D) Genital herpes
28) Organism responsible for up to half of the diagnosed cases of
pelvic inflammatory disease.
C) Chlamydia
29) It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature
for abundant, viable sperm formation.
TRUE
30) The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no
health problems.
FALSE
31) When it is cold, the scrotum is pulled away from the body.
FALSE
32) When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is
necessary to investigate the sperm of the male.
TRUE
33) The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is
dependent on the influence of FSH alone.
FALSE
34) Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.
FALSE
35) Sexually transmitted infections are the most important cause of
reproductive disorders.
TRUE
36) The testis is divided into seminiferous tubules which contain the
lobules that produce sperm and the ejaculatory duct that allows the
sperm to be ejected from the body.
FALSE
37) The smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the
first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded nuclear material.
TRUE
38) Pain during ovulation is called dysmenorrhea.
FALSE
39) A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
FALSE
40) The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of
the cervix.
TRUE
41) The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen.
FALSE
42) The male urethra serves the urinary system only.
FALSE
43) Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis.
TRUE
44) Failure to attain erection is called impotence.
TRUE
45) Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.
FALSE
46) The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.
FALSE
47) Female orgasm is required for conception.
FALSE
48) The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts.
TRUE
49) The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone.
FALSE
50) The stage in meiosis where chromosomal exchange takes place is telophase.
FALSE
51) The testes are innervated by the sympathetic division of the ANS only.
FALSE
52) The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.
TRUE
53) A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental
temperature is the cremaster.
TRUE
54) The secretions of the bulbourethral glands neutralize traces of
acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.
TRUE
55) The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.
TRUE
56) The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote
spermatogenesis is inhibin.
FALSE
57) Sperm are ejaculated from the corpora cavernosa of the penis.
FALSE
58) Sperm from the male parent determines the sex of the child.
TRUE
59) Extremely stressful physical activity in young females can result
in excessive bone mass due to large amounts of estrogen production.
FALSE
60) The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity
of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about
the role they play?
A) They are responsible for penile erection.
B) They contract to allow ejaculation.
C) They regulate the temperature of the testes.
D) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
C) They regulate the temperature of the testes.
61) The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is
due to ________.
A) enzymatic activity
B) gravity
C) peristaltic contractions
D) hormonal action
C) peristaltic contractions
62) The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
A) parasympathetic nerves
B) the bulbospongiosus muscles
C) the dartos muscle
D) luteinizing hormone
B) the bulbospongiosus muscles
63) The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
A) smoking
B) a diet high in fat
C) sexually transmitted infections
D) undescended testes
D) undescended testes
64) Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the
synthesis of semen?
A) the seminal vesicles
B) the bulbourethral glands
C) the pituitary
D) the prostate
A) the seminal vesicles
65) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior
pituitary gonadotropins?
A) GnRH
B) LH
C) testosterone
D) FSH
A) GnRH
66) The "master switch" for male reproductive development
is ________.
A) the SRY gene
B) inhibition of estrogen
C) lack of an X chromosome
D) presence of testosterone
A) the SRY gene
67) The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
A) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
B) synthesize female hormones
C) protect the ovaries
D) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles
A) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
68) Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
A) because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
B) because immature sperm cells lose their motility when they
encounter any blood component
C) because the barrier traps sex hormones, keeping them at a higher
level than the blood
D) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface
antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
D) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens
that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
69) The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site
for fertilization, are called the ________.
A) fimbriae
B) Graafian follicles
C) infundibula
D) fallopian tubes
D) fallopian tubes
70) If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes
would the zygote contain?
A) triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation,
the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development
would not occur
B) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation,
the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development
could not occur
C) half the diploid number with no change in development
D) There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.
B) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation,
the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development
could not occur
71) Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
A) they are about the same size
B) they have the same degree of motility
C) about the same number of each is produced per month
D) they have the same number of chromosomes
D) they have the same number of chromosomes
72) The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation
to the next is maintained through ________.
A) mitosis
B) DNA synthesis
C) cytokinesis
D) meiosis
D) meiosis
73) Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
A) ovary
B) uterus
C) fallopian tubes
D) vagina
C) fallopian tubes
74) Spermiogenesis involves the ________.
A) movement of sperm in the female genital tract
B) sequence of events in the rete testis
C) formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium
D) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of
superfluous cytoplasm
D) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of
superfluous cytoplasm
75) Which of the following female structures is homologous to the
male scrotum?
A) vagina
B) clitoris
C) labia minora
D) labia majora
D) labia majora
76) In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state
following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in
this case would be ________.
A) fraternal
B) dizygotic
C) of different sexes
D) identical
D) identical
77) How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?
A) They move away from the pelvic cavity.
B) Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the
maturation of sperm.
C) Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their
location in the scrotum.
D) They move close to the pelvic cavity.
A) They move away from the pelvic cavity.
78) Effects of estrogen include ________.
A) growth of the breasts at puberty
B) deepening of the voice
C) increased oiliness of the skin
D) growth of the larynx
A) growth of the breasts at puberty
79) Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
A) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
B) contraction of uterine muscles
C) development of the female secondary sex characteristics
D) proliferation of the uterine myometrium
A) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
80) Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?
A) The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains
hydrolytic enzymes.
B) The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly
around the contractile filaments of the tail.
C) They are sluggish in an alkaline environment.
D) They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.
B) The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly
around the contractile filaments of the tail.
81) The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
A) sustentacular cells
B) spermatocytes
C) interstitial endocrine cells
D) spermatogonia
C) interstitial endocrine cells
82) The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are
the ________.
A) spermatocytes
B) spermatogonia
C) interstitial cells
D) sustentocytes
D) sustentocytes
83) Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
A) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
B) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
C) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
D) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.
A) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
84) Erection of the penis results from ________.
A) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands
B) a parasympathetic reflex
C) a sympathetic reflex
D) dilation of the veins in the penis
B) a parasympathetic reflex
85) Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female
menstrual cycle?
A) corpus luteum
B) development of endometrial cells
C) vesicular follicle growth
D) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline
A) corpus luteum
86) Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
A) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow
B) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
C) serves as the birth canal
D) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse
B) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
87) Select the correct statement about male sexual response.
A) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.
B) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the
venous outflow.
C) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile
arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection.
D) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile
tissues filling with blood.
D) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues
filling with blood.
88) Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
A) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis
B) stimulates protein synthesis
C) stimulates mammary gland development
D) stimulates the male pattern of development
C) stimulates mammary gland development
89) Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
A) inhibin
B) GnRH
C) ICSH
D) ACTH
A) inhibin
90) During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
A) LH reaches its highest levels
B) the Graafian follicle forms
C) estrogen reaches its highest levels
D) progesterone levels are at their highest
D) progesterone levels are at their highest
91) Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
A) The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8.
B) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as
the follicle begins to produce more hormone.
C) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a
hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
D) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.
C) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a
hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
92) Which of the choices below is not a part of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?
A) anterior pituitary gland
B) thalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) interstitial cells
B) thalamus
93) Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary
glands of both males and females?
A) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
B) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
C) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy
and lactation.
D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually
part of the integumentary system.
D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually
part of the integumentary system.
94) Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
A) blood levels of FSH fall off
B) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen
C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
95) The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is
that ________.
A) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
B) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in
spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
C) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n
D) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis
involves meiosis only
B) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis
four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
96) Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature
ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where
did the other two arise?
A) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
B) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will
fertilize the egg.
C) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.
D) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
A) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
97) Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
A) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
C) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.
D) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
98) Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
A) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
B) There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the
urinary system.
C) There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of
the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood.
D) Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response
by urinary contraction muscles.
A) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
99) Spermatogenesis ________.
A) uses mitosis to produce gamete cells
B) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of
the seminiferous tubule
C) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
D) results in the formation of diploid cells
C) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
100) Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
A) estrogen
B) LH
C) progesterone
D) FSH
B) LH
101) The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ________.
A) involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis
B) is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of
testicular function
C) involves FSH and LH release
D) involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones
C) involves FSH and LH release
102) Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
A) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone.
B) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the
anterior pituitary.
C) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the
hypothalamus and pituitary.
D) The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the
most influence in testosterone control.
B) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the
anterior pituitary.
103) Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
A) The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.
B) The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length.
C) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.
D) The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.
C) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.
104) Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the
ovarian cycle.
A) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
B) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
C) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to
estrogen stimulation.
D) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
A) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
105) Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections
is false?
A) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful
discharges in males.
B) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic
or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
C) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
D) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
D) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
106) Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?
A) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
B) Each spermatid forms two sperm.
C) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes.
D) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
B) Each spermatid forms two sperm.
107) A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to
his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is
normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.
A) not develop secondary sex characteristics
B) be unable to produce viable sperm
C) have impaired function of interstitial cells
D) be impotent (unable to have an erection)
B) be unable to produce viable sperm
108) Which of the following statements about the female reproductive
process is not true?
A) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
B) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
C) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the
decrease in secretion of female hormones.
D) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
D) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
109) A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male
adult would cause ________.
A) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
B) excessive beard growth
C) increased spermatogenesis
D) decreased testosterone secretion
D) decreased testosterone secretion
110) All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle
are true except ________.
A) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
B) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation
C) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the
follicular phase of the cycle
D) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
D) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
111) Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly
reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
A) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation
B) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian
progesterone secretion
C) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus
D) maximal LH secretion and menstruation
B) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian
progesterone secretion
112) The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but
which of the following?
A) urethra
B) epididymis
C) corpus spongiosum
D) ductus deferens
C) corpus spongiosum
113) Prostate cancer is ________.
A) most common in Asians
B) often the result of a distortion of the urethra
C) the number-one cause of death in men
D) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a
threat to the patient
D) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat
to the patient